肺动脉高压生物标志物研究进展

The progress in research on biomarkers of pulmonary hypertention

摘要:

肺动脉高压是一种发病机制尚未阐明的心肺血管疾病，其特征是肺小动脉进行性闭塞性血管病变，发病率和病死率均较高。多数患者发现时已出现右心功能不全，进展至疾病终末期，因此，早发现、早诊断、早治疗对肺动脉高压患者的生存期延长和生活质量的提高尤为重要。生物标志物可用于客观评估肺动脉高压生理和病理过程及治疗效果的监测，其对肺动脉高压早期诊断和预后评估起着重要作用。该文从炎症标志物、免疫标志物、转录调控、氧化应激、代谢物、血栓标志物、右心室重塑标志物等方面对肺动脉高压的生物标志物做一综述。

关键词:肺动脉高压;生物标志物;代谢;microRNA;免疫

Abstract:

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiopulmonary vascular disorder with an unclear pathogenesis characterized by progressive obliterative vasculopathy of the small pulmonary arteries, which has a high incidence and mortality rate. Most patients are diagnosed in the late stages of the disease, often presenting with right heart failure, making early detection, diagnosis, and treatment crucial for extending survival and improving the quality of life. Biomarkers play an essential role in objectively assessing the physiological and pathological processes of PH and in monitoring treatment efficacy. They are pivotal for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of PH. This review summarizes the research progress in biomarkers for PH, covering aspects such as inflammatory markers, immune markers, transcriptional regulation, oxidative stress, metabolites, thrombotic markers, and markers of right ventricular remodeling.

Key words:pulmonary hypertension;biomarkers;metabolism;microRNA;immunity