毒蛇咬伤致多脏器损伤作用及机制研究进展

Advances in research on the multi-organ damage and mechanisms induced by snake envenomation

摘要:

毒蛇咬伤是临床常见急重症，严重危害人类生命安全。蛇毒毒液螯入后会导致神经损伤、凝血障碍等致死性的全身性损伤，咬伤部位溃疡、肌坏死等致残性的局部损伤，以及多脏器组织损伤。近年来，毒蛇咬伤后血液毒性、神经毒性、细胞毒性被广泛研究，但对实体脏器的损伤研究较为缺乏，而蛇伤后多脏器损伤是其高致死率的重要原因。因此，该文对毒蛇咬伤后，合并致心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、脾脏、脑等实体脏器的功能性或器质性损伤作用及机制进行综述，旨在为蛇伤临床精准诊治提供参考与借鉴。

Abstract:

Snakebite envenomation is a common and critical clinical emergency, posing a severe threat to human life. The venom injected during a snakebite can lead to systemic damage, including fatal consequences such as neurological impairment and coagulation disorders. Additionally, local injuries such as ulcers and muscle necrosis at the bite site, as well as damage to multiple solid organs, further contribute to the severity of envenomation. While recent research has extensively explored the hematotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of snakebite, there is a relative lack of studies focusing on the damage to solid organs. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of multi-organ damage is crucial, as it is a significant contributor to the high mortality associated with snakebite envenomation. This review specifically highlights the functional and structural damage to vital organs, including the heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, and brain, following snakebite envenomation. The aim is to provide valuable insights for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment of snakebite victims.