急诊科医务人员心理资本与道德勇气的关系——基于应对方式的调节效应

The relationship between psychological capital and moral courage among emergency department medical personnel: moderating effects based on coping styles

摘要:

目的 探讨心理资本与急诊科医务人员道德勇气及应对方式间的关系，并分析应对方式的调节效应。方法 采用随机抽样法选取2023年1月—2023年4月湖南省长沙市6所三甲综合医院的345例急诊科医务人员作为研究对象，采用心理资本量表、道德勇气量表、简易应对方式问卷进行调查。结果 不同年龄、工作年限、职称的急诊科医务人员道德勇气得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。急诊科医务人员心理资本总得分为（85.33±17.18）分，道德勇气总得分为（76.01±13.93）分，积极应对方式得分为（25.04±6.13）分，消极应对方式得分为（12.81±4.61）分。Pearson相关性分析结果显示，急诊科医务人员道德勇气总分与心理资本得分、积极应对方式得分呈正相关（r =0.677和0.492，均P <0.05）。急诊科医务人员道德勇气总分与消极应对方式得分呈负相关（r =-0.135，P <0.05）。消极应对方式与心理资本交互项负向显著（P <0.05），当积极应对方式处于高分组（高于平均值一个标准差）时，心理资本与道德勇气之间的关系正向显著（P <0.05），当积极应对方式处于低分组（低于平均值一个标准差）时，心理资本与道德勇气之间仍正向显著，但强弱大幅度下降（P <0.05），且高分组积极应对方式的简单斜率要高于低分组积极应对方式的简单斜率（P <0.05）。当消极应对方式处于低分组时，心理资本与道德勇气关系正向显著（P <0.05），当消极应对方式处于高分组时，心理资本与道德勇气关系仍然正向显著，但效应被削弱（P <0.05），且低分组消极应对方式的简单斜率要高于高分组消极应对方式的简单斜率（P <0.05）。结论 心理资本能够正向影响急诊科医务人员的道德勇气，在心理资本对急诊科医务人员道德勇气的影响中，应对方式扮演着调节的角色；管理者需要加强急诊科医务人员心理疏导与干预，提高应对能力，增强道德勇气。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the relationship between psychological capital and moral courage and coping styles among medical personnel in the emergency department, and to analyze the moderating effect of coping styles.Methods A total of 345 emergency department medical personnel from 6 Grade A tertiary hospitals in Changsha, Hunan Province were selected by random sampling. Psychological capital scale, moral courage scale and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were used for the study.Results There were differences in scores of moral courage among emergency department medical personnel with different age, years of working and titles (P < 0.05). The total scores of psychological capital, moral courage, positive coping style, and negative coping style were 85.33 ± 17.18, 76.01 ± 13.93, 25.04 ± 6.13, and 12.81 ± 4.61, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the total scores of moral courage were positively correlated with those of psychological capital and positive coping style (r = 0.677 and 0.492, both P < 0.05). The total scores of moral courage were negatively correlated with those of negative coping style (r = 0.135, P < 0.05). The interaction term of negative coping style and psychological capital was significant and negative (P < 0.05). When the scores of positive coping style were high (higher than one standard deviation above the mean, high-score group), psychological capital was positively correlated with moral courage (P < 0.05). When the scores of positive coping style were low (lower than one standard deviation below the mean, low-score group), the positive correlation between psychological capital and moral courage remained significant, but the strength of the correlation decreased substantially (P < 0.05). Besides, the simple slope of positive coping style in the high-score group was greater than that in the low-score group (P < 0.05). When the negative coping style was in the low-score group, psychological capital was positively correlated with moral courage (P < 0.05). When the negative coping style was in the high-score group, the positive correlation between psychological capital and moral courage remained significant, but the effect was attenuated (P < 0.05). The simple slope of negative coping style in the low-score group was greater than that in the high-score group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Psychological capital positively affects the moral courage of medical personnel in the emergency department, in which coping style plays a moderating role. Hospital administrators need to strengthen psychological counseling and intervention for medical personnel in the emergency department, enhance their coping abilities, and foster moral courage.