4 种麻醉药物对家兔手术的麻醉效果比较

Comparison of anesthetic effect of Urethane, Sodium pentobarbital, Propofol and Sodium thiopental in rabbits

摘要:

目的 比较乌拉坦、戊巴比妥钠、异丙酚、硫喷妥钠4 种麻醉药物对实验家兔外科手术的麻醉效果。 方法 将12 只健康的实验家兔分为4 组，每组3 只，分别经耳缘静脉缓慢推注乌拉坦（20.0%，4 ml/kg）、戊 巴比妥钠（0.7%，1 ml/kg）、异丙酚（1.0%，1 ml/kg）、硫喷妥钠（2.5%，0.6 ml/kg）。记录各组呼吸频率、心 率、麻醉起效时间、麻醉维持时间、麻醉苏醒时间，并进行比较。结果 乌拉坦组、戊巴比妥钠组、异丙酚组、 硫喷妥钠组的麻醉起效时间分别为（6.4±0.8）、（9.0±0.6）、（7.7±0.3）和（3.1±0.5）min，麻醉维持时间分 别为（32.2±3.7）、（40.1±6.5）、（43.4±3.9）和（30.6±3.7）min，术后苏醒时间依次为（25.2±3.7）、（13.6±6.4）、 （12.1±3.9）、（5.1±1.4）min。结论 采用2.5% 硫喷妥钠对实验家兔进行麻醉起效最快；1.0% 异丙酚麻醉时 间最长，适用于较长时间观察的动物实验；20.0% 乌拉坦麻醉维持时间长，术后死亡率高，适用于实验要求不高， 术后要处死动物的实验。

Abstract:

Objective To compare the anesthetic effect of Urethane (ethyl carbamate), Sodium pentobarbital, Propofol and Sodium thiopental in rabbit surgery as appendectomy. Methods Twelve healthy rabbits were divided into 4 groups, with 3 in each group, the anesthesia drugs were slowly injected through their auricular veins. The rabbits in the group A were given Urethane (20.0%, 4 ml/kg), the rabbits in the group B received Sodium pentobarbital (0.7%, 1 ml/kg), the rabbits in the group C were given Propofol (1.0%, 1 ml/kg), and those in the group D received Sodium thiopental (2.5%, 0.6 ml/kg). The respiratory rate, heart rate, anesthetic onset time, duration of anesthesia, and anesthetic recovery time were recorded and compared among the 4 groups. Results In the groups A, B, C and D, the onset time was (6.4 ± 0.8), (9.0 ± 0.6), (7.7 ± 0.3) and (3.1 ± 0.5) min respectively; the duration of anesthesia was (32.2 ± 3.7), (40.1 ± 6.5), (43.4 ± 3.9) and (30.6 ± 3.7) min respectively; the postoperative recovery time was (25.2 ± 3.7), (13.6 ± 6.4), (12.1 ± 3.9) and (5.1 ± 1.4) min. Conclusions For surgical anesthesia of experimental rabbits, 2.5% Sodium thiopental has the fastest onset; 1.0% Propofol has the longest anesthetic time, is suitable for animal experiments requiring long-term observation; 20.0% Urethane has a long anesthesia maintenence time and high postoperative mortality, and is suitable for the experiments without high experimental requirements and the animals should be sacrificed after operation.