高海拔地区汉、藏、回3 个民族上颌窦底 与上颌后牙的CBCT 位置测量分析

CBCT measurement of positions of maxillary sinus floor and maxillary posterior teeth in Han, Tibetan and Hui nationalities at high altitude

摘要:

目的 通过锥体束CT（CBCT）检查分析高海拔地区汉、藏、回3 个民族上颌窦与上颌后牙的位 置关系，为拔牙、口腔外科手术、种植和植骨手术提供统计学依据。方法 随机收集汉、藏、回3 个民族各 110 例（男女各55 例，左右共110 侧），共330 例上颌窦的CBCT 扫描数据，对其双侧上颌窦底至上颌后牙根 尖和牙槽嵴顶距离的测量数据进行统计和对比分析。结果 男性和女性上颌窦底至上颌第2 前磨牙根尖的平 均距离为：汉族（5.52±1.47）和（4.46±1.82）mm，藏族（6.65±1.72）和（6.19±1.71）mm，回族（5.45±2.04） 和（4.07±1.74）mm ；上颌窦底至上颌第1 磨牙根尖的平均距离为：汉族（4.09±1.74）和（2.74±1.59）mm， 藏族（5.05±1.62）和（4.25±1.68）mm，回族（4.23±1.71）和（2.72±1.67）mm ；上颌窦底至上颌第2 磨牙根 尖的平均距离为：汉族（3.66±1.79）和（2.55±1.58）mm，藏族（5.29±1.67）和（4.14±1.71）mm，回族（3.49±1.76） 和（2.45±1.66）mm ；上颌窦底至上颌后磨牙槽嵴顶的平均距离为：汉族（12.82±1.69）和（11.83±1.67）mm， 藏族（13.70±1.79）和（13.14±1.59）mm，回族（13.25±1.62）和（11.14±1.58）mm。结论 高海拔地区汉、藏、 回3 个民族的上颌窦与上颌后牙的位置关系存在差异；上颌窦底至上颌第2 前磨牙、第1 磨牙、第2 磨牙牙 根距离的平均值：汉族和回族均低于藏族；上颌窦底至上颌后牙牙槽嵴顶的平均距离：男性：藏族> 回族> 汉族，女性：藏族> 汉族> 回族。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the positional relations between maxillary sinus and posterior maxillary teeth in three nationalities of Han, Tibetan and Hui in high altitude area by CBCT, so as to provide statistical basis for tooth extraction, oral surgery, planting and bone grafting. Methods CBCT scanning data of 330 maxillary sinuses were randomly collected from Han, Tibetan, Hui three ethnic groups with 110 cases in each group (55 males and 55 females, about 110 sides). The data of measured distance from the bottoms of bilateral maxillary sinuses to the root tips of the posterior maxillary teeth and to the alveolar ridges were analyzed and compared. Results The average distance from the maxillary sinus floor to the second maxillary premolar in the female and the male was (4.46 ± 1.82) and (5.52 ± 1.47) mm in the Han group, (6.19 ± 1.71) and (6.65 ± 1.72) mm in the Tibetan group, and (4.07 ± 1.74) and (5.45 ± 2.04) mm in the Hui group respectively. The average distance from the maxillary sinus floor to the root tip of the first maxillary molar in the female and the male was (2.74 ± 1.59) and (4.09 ± 1.74) mm in the Han group, (4.25 ± 1.68) and (5.05 ± 1.62) mm in the Tibetan group, and (2.72 ± 1.67) and (4.23 ± 1.71) mm in the Hui group respectively. The average distance from the maxillary sinus floor to the root tip of the second maxillary molar in the female and the male was (2.55 ± 1.58) and (3.66 ± 1.79) mm in the Han group, (4.14 ± 1.71) and (5.29 ± 1.67) mm in the Tibetan group, and (2.45 ± 1.66) and (3.49 ± 1.76) mm in the Hui group. The average distance from the maxillary sinus floor to the alveolar ridge of the posterior maxillary teeth in the female and the male was (11.83 ± 1.67) and (12.82 ± 1.69) mm in the Han group, (13.14 ± 1.59) and (13.70 ± 1.79) mm in the Tibetan group, and (11.14 ± 1.58) and (13.25 ± 1.62) mm in the Hui group. Conclusions The position relationship between maxillary sinuses and posterior maxillary teeth is different in Han, Tibetan and Hui 3 ethnic groups at high altitude. The average distance from maxillary sinus floors to the roots of the second maxillary premolars, the first molars and the second molars is shorter in the Han and Hui ethnic groups than in the Tibetan ethnic group. The average distance from the maxillary sinus floors to alveolar crests of the posterior maxillary teeth is in the sequence of Tibetan > Hui > Han in male, and Tibetan > Han > Hui in female.