北京市朝阳区流动人口乙型肝炎预防 健康知识的现状分析

Analysis on current situation of hepatitis B prevention health knowledge among floating population in Chaoyang district of Beijing

摘要:

目的 了解北京市朝阳区流动人口乙型肝炎（以下简称乙肝）预防健康知识现状，为制定流动 人口健康教育策略提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，选择北京市朝阳区居住≥ 6 个月且年 龄≥ 18 岁外来务工人员1 136 例进行面对面问卷调查。结果 乙肝传播途径中，乙肝母婴传播和不经日常生 活接触传播的知晓率分别为56.43% 和51.14%。知晓新生儿出生后24 h 内接种乙肝疫苗的占59.95% ；知晓目 前预防乙肝最主要方法是接种乙肝疫苗的占63.12% ；明确知道自己已全程接种乙肝疫苗/ 甲乙肝联合疫苗的 占19.10% ；乙肝预防健康素养具备率为52.20%。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析显示，年龄、工作场所、文化 程度及是否认为有必要接种乙肝疫苗是影响乙肝预防健康素养具备率的主要因素（P <0.05）。结论 流动人 口的乙肝防控健康教育应重点突出乙肝疫苗接种和乙肝传播途径这两方面知识，重视对建筑工地工作者的健 康教育，并加强对≤ 30 岁年龄人群和小学及以下学历人群的健康教育。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current situation and its influencing factors of hepatitis B prevention health knowledge among floating population in Chaoyang district of Beijing and then to provide the basis for the health education strategies. Methods Totally 1136 respondents aged over 18 and living in Beijing for more than 6 months were selected by multistage random cluster sampling method and investigated by face-to-face survey with questionnaire. Results As for HBV transmission ways, the awareness rates of that HBV can be transmitted by mother-to-child transmission and it cannot be transmitted by daily contact were 56.43% and 51.14% respectively. The awareness rates of that newborns should be vaccinated within 24 hours and hepatitis B vaccination is the main method of preventing hepatitis B were 59.95% and 63.12% respectively. There were only 19.10% of respondents clearly knowing that they had received full–course hepatitis B vaccination or hepatitis B&C combined vaccination. 52.20% of respondents possessed the health literacy of hepatitis B prevention. Logistic regression analysis showed that age,workplace, education level and the awareness of hepatitis B vaccination were the influence factors of the health literacy of hepatitis B prevention (P < 0.05). Conclusions Health education of hepatitis B prevention and control among floating population should focus on the knowledges of hepatitis B vaccination and transmission routes. And people working in construction sites, under 30 years old and with primary and lower education background should be the main targets.