广州市成人变应性鼻炎环境危险因素分析

Analysis of environmental risk factors of adult allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou

摘要:

目的 观察广州市变应性鼻炎（AR）患者的居住环境和饮食习惯中可能的危险因素，为AR 的 防治提供建议和指导。方法 选取2014 年11 月—2018 年7 月于广东省第二中医院采用过敏原检测并确诊为 AR 的1 096 例患者作为研究对象，进行问卷调查收集资料，并将同期健康体检人群作对照，分析成人AR 的 环境危险因素。结果 天冷、风大、潮湿、气压低、春季和秋季是AR 发病的危险因素（P <0.05）。屋尘螨、 粉尘螨是占比最高的过敏原，占40.51%，说明环境对AR 具有决定性作用。屋尘螨、粉尘螨、点青霉分枝孢霉、 烟曲霉、交链孢菌、潮湿时加重、风大时加重、天冷时加重及气压低时加重均有较高的AR 患病风险（P <0.05）。 结论 居住环境在AR 的发生中起重要作用，应加强对家庭居住环境的清洁卫生，尽量降低空气中尘螨密度， 并注意合理饮食结构，以降低过敏性疾病的发生率。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the possible risk factors of environmental and living habits of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Guangzhou City, and to provide suggestions and guidance for the prevention and treatment of AR. Methods Through the detection of allergen test, 1096 patients aged 18 ～ 65 years with allergic rhinitis were selected as subjects. Questionnaires were collected and compared with the health check-up crowd to analysis the environmental risk factors of adult allergic rhinitis in the same period. Results Univariate analysis showed that allergic rhinitis may be related to temperature changes, wind speed, dry humidity, air pressure and seasonal changes (P < 0.05). House dust mites and dust mites were the most common allergens, accounting for 40.51%, indicating that environmental factors have a decisive role in allergic rhinitis. House dust mites, dust mites, Penicillium diffusum,Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria, increased in humidity, increased in strong wind, increased in cold weather and increased in low air pressure all were high risks of AR (P < 0.05). Conclusions The living environment plays an important role in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis. It is necessary to strengthen the sanitation of home living environment, reduce the density of dust mites in the air as much as possible, and pay attention to the rational diet structure in order to reduce the incidence of allergic diseases.