PRMTs在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用及机制*

Role and mechanism of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in the occurrence and development of tumors*

摘要:

蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶（PRMTs）具有催化细胞中多种蛋白质特定精氨酸残基甲基化的功能，参与了包括信号转导、转录调控和DNA重组等重要的生物学过程，其中蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶5（PRMT5）是研究最为深入的PRMTs家族成员，在多种类型的肿瘤中高表达，其通过催化特定精氨酸残基单甲基化和对称双甲基化，在调控各种生物学过程中发挥关键作用，包括调控靶基因的转录、控制关键的生长调节途径、调控转录因子的表达等。本综述系统介绍PRMT5通过甲基化细胞中的各种蛋白，发挥表观遗传调节酶的作用，其异常表达在肿瘤的发生、发展及侵袭过程中的作用及其机制。未来，PRMT5可以作为肿瘤检测和治疗的新靶点。

Abstract:

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are known for their ability to catalyze methylation of specific arginine residues in a wide variety of cellular proteins, which are involved in many important biological processes including signal transduction, transcription and DNA recombination. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the most intensively studied member of the PRMTs family and is highly expressed in multiple types of tumors. PRMT5 can catalyze monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation of specific arginine residues and play a key role in regulating various biological processes includes regulating the transcription of target genes, controlling key growth regulatory pathways and regulating the expression of transcription factors. This review systematically introduces PRMT5 plays a role of epigenetic regulatory enzymes through methylation of various proteins in cells, and the role and mechanism of abnormal PRMT5 expression in the occurrence, development and invasion of tumor. In the future, PRMT5 can be used as a new target for tumor detection and treatment.