社区老年人抑郁情绪及其影响因素分析

Analysis of depression and its influential factors in elderly of community

摘要:

目的 了解社区老年人的抑郁情绪发生情况，并分析社区老年人抑郁情绪的发生与其社会生活状 况、自尊、社会支持及生活满意度的关系。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取南宁市2 个社区，对社区 内≥ 60 岁的496 例老年人，使用社会生活情况调查表、老年抑郁量表简版、自尊量表、社会支持量表及生活 满意度指数A 量表进行调查分析。结果 社区老年人抑郁得分2 ～ 12 分，平均（4.89±1.69）分，抑郁情绪 发生率为28.8％。其抑郁情绪在有无慢性病、有无兴趣爱好及不同经济状况比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。 抑郁情绪阴性组社会总支持、客观支持、主观支持、自尊水平及生活满意度高于抑郁情绪阳性组。社会总 支持、主观支持、客观支持及生活满意度总分与抑郁情绪呈负相关（r =-0.207、-0.232、-0.125 和-0.126， P =0.000、0.000、0.005 和0.005）。Logistic 回归分析显示，经济状况[Ol ^ R=1.304（95% CI ：1.003，1.681）]、 有无慢性病[Ol ^ R=2.072（95% CI ：1.272，3.384）]、客观支持[Ol ^ R=0.873（95% CI ：0.764，0.993）] 及自尊水 平[Ol ^ R=0.831（95% CI ：0.743，0.952）] 是抑郁情绪发生的影响因素。结论 社区老年人的抑郁情绪发生率 近1/3，无兴趣爱好、有慢性病、经济状况差、缺乏社会支持、自尊水平及生活满意度低的老年人抑郁情绪 发生率更高。

Abstract:

Objective To understand the incidence of depression in elderly of community, and to analyze the relationship between the incidence of depression and social life, self-esteem, social support, life satisfaction of the elderly in the community. Methods By stratified random cluster sampling method, 496 elderly people aged 60 or older in two communities of Nanning were investigated and analyzed by using social life questionnaire, simple version of elderly depression scale, self-esteem scale, social support scale and life satisfaction index A scale. Results The depression score of the elderly in the community was 2 to 12 points, with an average score of (4.89 ± 1.69). The incidence of depression was 28.8%. There were significant differences in depression among chronic diseases, hobbies and different economic conditions (P < 0.05). The levels of total social support, objective support, subjective support, self-esteem and life satisfaction in the negative group were higher than those in the positive group. The total scores of social support, subjective support, objective support and life satisfaction were negatively correlated with depression (r = -0.207, - 0.232, - 0.125 and -0.126, P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.005 and 0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that economic status [Ol ^ R=1.304 (95% CI: 1.003, 1.681)], chronic disease [Ol ^ R =2.072 (95% CI: 1.272, 3.384)], objective support [Ol ^ R=0.873 (95% CI: 0.764, 0.993)] and self-esteem [Ol ^ R=0.831 (95% CI: 0.743, 0.952)] were the influential factors of depression. Conclusion The incidence of depression in elderly of community is nearly 1/3, and the incidence of depression is higher among the elderly with no interests, chronic diseases, poor economic status, lack of social support, low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.