63例输血不良反应的回顾性分析

Retrospective investigation of 63 cases of adverse transfusion reactions

摘要:

目的通过回顾性分析该院63 例输血不良反应患者情况，加强医护人员对输血不良反应的认识，进一步提高输血安全与疗效。方法选取2012～2014 年3 年该院发生输血不良反应的患者，分析其临床分布以及影响因素。结果近3 年全院累计输血10 718 例，共发生输血不良反应63 例，发生率呈逐年上升趋势；其中发热反应22 例，过敏反应36 例，其他不良反应5 例；血浆、红细胞及血小板等血液成分均可导致输血不良反应的发生，其中以单采血小板的发生率最高；输血史和（或）过敏史是导致输血不良反应发生的重要的影响因素，性别和年龄与输血反应的发生无差异。结论输血不良反应是血液安全预警监控的重要内容之一，加强医护人员对其的深入了解和认识，避免对输血不良反应的误判及漏报，严格控制输血指征，是安全有效输血的重要措施。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the adverse transfusion reactions of 63 cases in our hospital by retrospective investigation, so as to improve the awareness of medical personnel on adverse transfusion reactions and thus ensure transfusion safety and enhance curative effect of blood transfusion. Methods The clinical distribution and influence factors were analyzed by collecting the adverse transfusion reaction cases in our hospital from 2012 to 2014. Results In the past 3 years, 10,718 patients received blood transfusion,among them 63 cases had adverse transfusion reactions; there was an upward trend in the incidence of adverse transfusion reactions. Among the cases of adverse transfusion reactions, there were 22 febrile reaction cases, 36 anaphylactic reaction cases and 5 other adverse transfusion reaction cases. All the blood components including plasma, red blood cells and platelets could lead to the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions;the highest incidence of adverse transfusion reactions was caused by platelets. The history of blood transfusion and/or the history of allergy were the important acting factors affecting adverse transfusion reactions, but gender and age had no relevance with adverse transfusion reactions. Conclusions Adverse transfusion reaction is one of the important contents in early warning and monitoring of blood safety. Strengthening the awareness of medical personnel on adverse transfusion reactions, avoiding erroneous judgement and failure in reporting, and strict control of blood transfusion indications are the important measures for safe and effective blood transfusion.