城乡儿童自我药疗现状及影响因素分析

Determinants of self-medication behavior in urban and rural children

摘要:

目的了解城乡儿童自我药疗现状及存在问题，并分析影响安全自我药疗的因素。方法利用调查问卷调查新乡市及其所辖县城、乡村18 岁以上的女性，通过拦截方式获得调查对象。利用Epidata 3.0 软件录入数据，运用SAS 9.2 软件对数据进行统计学分析。3 地区自我药疗的相关情况利用频数、构成比等进行统计描述，3 地区特征分布的比较利用χ2检验，并利用多因素Logistic 回归分析影响认知得分高低的因素。结果收回家庭中有儿童者的有效问卷共1 045 份。84.90%市区对象、88.00%县城对象和88.65%乡村对象曾给孩子自我药疗。给孩子自我药疗的最主要原因是病情较轻，3 地区分别占53.27%、57.40%和60.16%，用药的主要依据是自身经验，3 地区分别为56.25%、54.21%和40.65%。给儿童服药前，不经常阅读说明书的比例较高（市区：29.12%，县城：37.13%，乡村：39.34%），且3 地区间差异无统计学意义（χ2=8.0625，P =0.089），3 地区在是否按时给孩子用药、忘记给孩子用药时的处理等其他给儿童服药行为方面差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。城乡、受教育程度、职业、身体状况、家庭月收入与自我药疗行为认知得分有关。结论城乡儿童自我药疗率均较高，儿童安全自我药疗行为和认知与城乡、受教育程度、职业、身体状况、家庭月收入有关，政府应针对不同地区、不同人群进行相关健康教育。

Abstract:

Objective To explore current situation and influence factors of self-medication in urban and rural children, and to provide evidence for relevant strategy-making. Methods A survey was conducted in urban and rural areas of Xinxiang City, and the interception survey was used for females over the age of 18. Epidata 3.0 software was used to input data, the SAS 9.2 software was applied for data statistical analysis. The relevant characters of selfmedication in the three areas were described by counting and proportion. Chi square test was used in the comparative analysis of the three areas. The factors influencing the cognitive scores were analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1,045 valid questionnaires were collected from the families with children. As a result, 84.90% of residents in the city, 88.00% in the county and 88.65% in the rural areas had experience of self-medication for children. The major reason for children self -medication was that the cases'condition was mild, accounting for 53.27%, 57.40% and 60.16% of the three regions respectively. The medication was mainly based on their own experience, accounting for 56.25%, 54.21% and 40.65% in the city, county and rural areas. Prior to children taking drugs, lots of parents did not often read instructions for users (Urban: 29.12%; County: 37.13%; Rural: 39.34%), and the differences among the three areas were not statistical significant (x2 = 8.0625,P =0.089). There were significant differences in the on-time medication for children, and the measures when forgot to give children medicine among the three regions. The urban and rural areas, education level, occupation, health status and family income were related to the cognitive scores of self-medication behavior. Conclusions The rate of children self-medication is high in urban and rural areas. Safety self-medication behavior and cognition of children are related with urban and rural areas, education degree, occupation, health status, and family monthly income. The government should conduct relevant health education for people in different regions and different populations.