早期足月儿的孕期因素和并发症分析

Analysis of pregnancy factors and complications of early full-term infants

摘要:

目的 探究早期足月儿的孕期因素和并发症。方法 选取2010 年1 月-2015 年12 月南方医科大学第三附属医院出生的2 733 例足月活产新生儿为研究对象。其中包括966 例早期足月新生儿、1 506 例完全足月新生儿和261 例晚期足月新生儿。对比3 组孕产妇的基本情况，分析早期足月分娩的危险因素；对比3 组新生儿的基本情况及并发症发生情况，分析3 组新生儿常见并发症类型。结果 多胎妊娠、瘢痕子宫、妊娠期高血压疾病、胎盘异常、胎膜早破、子宫肌瘤、羊水异常、胎位异常、妊娠期糖尿病或糖耐量异常、分娩次数>1 次、年龄>35 岁、自发宫缩为早期足月儿的危险因素（P <0.05）。早期足月新生儿并发症发生率与完全足月新生儿和晚期足月新生儿比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05），早期足月新生儿高于完全足月新生儿和晚期足月新生儿。早期足月新生儿常见并发症为肺炎、贫血、高胆红素血症和感染性疾病，所有新生儿并发症经相应治疗后均痊愈。结论 多胎妊娠、瘢痕子宫、妊娠期高血压疾病、胎盘异常、胎膜早破、子宫肌瘤、羊水异常、胎位异常、妊娠期糖尿病或糖耐量异常、分娩次数>1 次、年龄>35 岁及自发宫缩是早期足月儿的危险因素，且早期足月儿存在贫血、高胆红素血症和感染性疾病等常见并发症，应当积极采取措施降低早期足月分娩的发生率。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the early pregnancy factors and complications of full-term infants.Methods This study selected 2,733 cases of full-term live-birth newborns in our hospital between January 2010 and December 2015, including 966 cases of early term neonates, 1,506 cases of full term neonates and 261 cases of late term neonates. The basic situation of the pregnant women was compared among the three groups, and the risk factors of early term delivery were analyzed. The basic situation of the newborns was also compared among the three groups and the incidences of neonatal complications were analyzed. Results Multifetal pregnancy, uterine scar,hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, placental abnormalities, premature rupture of membrane, myoma of uterus, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal fetal position, gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, delivery times >1, age >35 years, and spontaneous uterine contractions were the risk factors for early full-term infants (P < 0.05). The incidences of complications in the early term neonates were significantly higher than those of the full term neonates and the late term neonates, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The common complications of the early full-term newborns were pneumonia, anemia and hyperbilirubinemia and infectious diseases. All the complications of neonates were cured after the corresponding treatment. Conclusions Multifetal pregnancy, uterine scar, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, abnormal placenta, premature rupture of membrane, myoma of uterus, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal fetal position, gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, delivery times >1, age >35 years, and spontaneous unterine contractions may be the risk factors of early full-term infants. Early full-term infants have common complications such as anemia, hyperbilirubinemia and infectious diseases. Measures should be actively taken to reduce the incidences of early term delivery.