Objective To investigate the whole-genome MicroRNA (miRNA) profile in acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL). Methods Illumina high -throughput sequencing technology was utilized to screen differentially expressed miRNA in bone marrow samples of 10 AMoL patients as well as 10 patients with non-malignant hematologic diseases. Stem-loop primer-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Stem-loop qPCR) was carried out to validate the sequencing data. Results In total of 285 differentially expressed miRNAs, 199 up -regulated and 86 down -regulated miRNAs were identified in AMoL patients compared with the control group. Further stem-loop qPCR results confirmed similar expression of 6 miRNAs identified by sequencing. Conclusions MiR-126-3p and miR-29b-3p can be potential targets for further study of AMoL.