骨血管生成机制与功能的研究进展

Systemic review of mechanism and function of bone vascularization

摘要:

骨骼是高度血管化的组织，依赖于血管和骨细胞之间的密切关系，以维持骨骼完整性。因此，血管生成在骨骼发育、修复和重塑中起关键作用。骨血管是为骨细胞传递氧、营养素、激素、神经递质和生长因子等的主要通道，骨血管还参与协调造血过程。骨毛细血管可以区分出两种亚型，包括位于干骺端的H型和在骨干的骨髓腔中形成毛细管网的L型。已有研究表明，血管生成和骨形成的过程是偶联的，这其中涉及多种细胞因子、信号通路及microRNA 的参与。该研究回顾关于骨血管的结构、功能和相关调节因素的最新数据，特别强调血管生成和血管功能在骨发育和再生中的作用及其在骨折愈合和骨组织工程中的应用。

Abstract:

The bone is a highly vascularized organ which depends on intimate connection between blood vessels and cells to maintain its integrity. Thus, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in development, repair and remodeling of bone. Blood vessel is the main channel for the transmission of oxygen, nutrients, hormones,neurotransmitters and growth factors for bone cells. Vessels are also involved in coordinating the hematopoiesis procedure. There are 2 subtypes of capillaries in bone, including H-type located in the metaphyseal and Ltype in the backbone of the bone marrow cavity. Studies have shown that angiogenesis is closely associated with bone formation requiring cytokines, MicroRNA and other signaling pathways. In this paper, we reviewed the latest publications on the structure, function and related regulatory factors of bone vessels. More specifically, we emphasize on the role of angiogenesis and vascular function in development and regeneration of bone, which may provide therapeutic approaches in fracture healing and bone engineering.