Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of nano-ZnO thin film on titanium alloy. Methods The growth of L-929 cells in the culture solutions consisting of the ions released from nano-ZnO thin film on the surface of titanium alloy was observed. And the absorbance values of the cells were tested by MTT method. The relative growth rate of L-929 cells was calculated and the cytotoxicity of nano-ZnO thin film on the surface of titanium alloy was evaluated. Results The relative growth rate of each L-929 cell group was above 80% and the cytotoxicity grade was grade 1. Conclusions Nano-ZnO thin film on the surface of titanium alloy has almost no cytotoxicity.