东莞市2004～2014年出生缺陷调查

Birth defects in Dongguan city between 2004 and 2014

摘要:

目的  了解东莞市出生缺陷的发展趋势及流行病学特征，为进一步制定出生缺陷干预措施提供依据。方法  对2004～2014年东莞市住院分娩的1 395 155例围产儿进行出生缺陷监测并进行分析。结果  ①11年出生缺陷平均发生率为18.54‰，总体呈上升趋势。②出生缺陷的发生具有以下特征：a高龄孕母出生缺陷发生率明显高于其他年龄组（P <0.01）；b双胎或多胎妊娠出生缺陷发生率高于单胎妊娠（P <0.01）；c东莞市户籍出生缺陷发生率高于非东莞市户籍（P <0.01）；d男性出生缺陷发生率高于女性（P <0.01），不同片区出生缺陷发生率比较差异有统计学意义。③出生缺陷类型前5位依次为：先天性心脏病、多指（趾）、总唇腭裂、神经管畸形、马蹄内翻足。④民营医院出生缺陷发生率明显低于公立医院（P <0.01）。结论  东莞市出生缺陷发生率高于全国平均水平。出生缺陷类型前3位与全国相同；出生缺陷发生率在孕母年龄、户籍、怀孕胎数、围产儿性别、出生地等方面比较，差异有统计学意义。应加大民营医院出生缺陷监测质控水平。东莞市出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势，应引起高度重视，采取干预措施，降低出生缺陷发生率。

Abstract:

Objective To learn the variation trend and epidemiologic features of birth defects in Dongguan City so as to provide a reference for formulating intervention program of birth defects. Methods The birth defects among 1,395,155 perinatal infants in Dongguan City from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2014 were monitored, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of infants with birth defects was 18.54‰ in the 11 years with a rising trend. The five main birth defects were congenital heart diseases, polydactyly, cleft lip and palate, congenital clubfoot, and neural tube malformations. The birth defects were related to residence origin of the parents, gender and number of neonates, as well as age of the pregnant women and living condition in perinatal peroid. Their differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusions The incidence of birth defects in Dongguan City is higher than the average national one and in a rising trend. The prenatal diagnosis rate of birth defects is low. Measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of birth defects.