2013年北京市朝阳区居民健康素养水平及其影响因素分析

Status of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing in 2013

摘要:

目的  了解朝阳区居民健康素养水平及其影响因素，为卫生行政部门制定健康政策提供依据。方法  采用多阶段抽样方法进行抽样。在北京市朝阳区43个街乡均采用按人口规模成比例的概率抽样方法（PPS法）抽取2个村/居委会，每个村/居委会随机抽取50名15～69岁常住居民开展调查，共计调查4 300份问卷。结果  朝阳区居民具备健康素养率是42.65%。朝阳区居民具备5类健康问题素养率由高到低分别是：基本医疗84.63%、传染病预防78.60%、安全与急救67.77%、慢性病预防56.88%和科学健康观34.09%。Logistic回归分析显示（P <0.01）。北片、中北片和中南片居民具备健康素养的可能性是南片的3.534、1.282和1.729倍；18～30岁、31～40岁、41～50岁及51～60岁年龄组具备健康素养的可能性是61～69岁年龄组的0.722、0.985、0.744及0.860倍；小学及以下、初中、高中/职高/中专人群具备健康素养的可能性是大专/本科及以上人群的0.296、0.478及0.686倍。文化程度越低，健康素养水平越差。结论  片区、年龄和文化程度是朝阳区居民健康素养的影响因素。应加强科学健康观方面的专业健康知识，并引导居民学会如何选择正确的健康信息。根据居民地域分布、年龄和文化程度特点有针对性地开展健康教育，提升健康素养水平。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing, so as to provide the basis for health policy of health administrative departments. Methods Using multi-stage sampling method, two villages/committees were selected from each street/town with probability proportionate to size sampling firstly, then 50 residents aged from 15 to 69 years were randomly selected from each village/committee, 4300 questionnaires were surveyed in all. The software of SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis, with Chi-square test for univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis for multivariate analysis. Results The overall level of health literacy among the respondents was 42.65%. The health literacy rates of 5 health issues from high to low as basic medical care, infectious disease prevention, safety and first-aid, chronic non-communicable disease prevention and scientific view of health were 84.63%, 78.60%, 67.77%, 56.88% and 34.09% respectively. The health literacy of the residents in the north region, the central north region and the central south region was 3.534, 1.282 and 1.729 times the level of south region. The health literacy of 18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 age groups was 0.722, 0.985, 0.744 and 0.860 times the level of 61-69 age group respectively. The health literacy of primary and below, junior high, and high school/vocational school/technical secondary school was 0.296, 0.478 and 0.686 times the level of diploma/bachelor and above respectively. The lower the educational level, the worse the health literacy. Conclusions The result of multiple logistic regression showed that region, age and education level are the influence factors of health literacy in residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing. The knowledge of scientificview of health should be strengthened, residents should be guided to learn how to choose the right health information, and targeted health education should be carried out according to the geographical distribution, age and education level, so as to improve health literacy.