2015年重庆市綦江区居民死因分析

Analysis on causes of death among residents in Qijiang district of Chongqing city in 2015

摘要:

目的  分析綦江区2015年居民死亡率、主要死因及人均期望寿命，为制定和调整卫生策略提供科学依据。方法  收集綦江区2015年网络直报的全死因资料，用死亡率、构成比及死因顺位等指标进行分析。 结果  2015年綦江区居民总粗死亡率为760.50/10万，标化死亡率为600.48/10万，男性居民的粗死亡率高于女性。2015年綦江区居民人均期望寿命为77.30岁，其中男性为74.52岁，女性为80.52岁，女性人均期望寿命高于男性。循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒外部原因及内分泌、营养和代谢的其他疾病分别位于死因前5位，占总死亡数的93.44%。3大类死因构成中，慢性非传染性疾病居首位，占死亡总数的90.44%，其中慢性非传染性疾病和伤害的男性粗死亡率高于女性。结论  慢性病仍将是今后卫生工作的防控重点，应该加强健康教育，提高居民自我防护意识，加强对高危人群干预等措施以降低死亡率和发病率，提高居民生活质量。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the mortality rate, the main cause of death and the average life expectancy of the residents in Qijiang District in 2015, and to provide scientific evidence for the formulation and adjustment of health policy. Methods The data of all causes of death in Qijiang District in 2015 were collected and analyzed using the index of mortality, constituent ratio and the rank of cause of death. Results In 2015, the total mortality rate of Qijiang district was 760.50/105, the standardized mortality rate was 600.48/105, the crude mortality rate of the male residents was significantly higher than that of the female. In 2015, the average life expectancy of the residents in Qijiang district was 77.30 years, that of the male and the female was 74.52 years and 80.52 years respectively. The average life expectancy of women was higher than that of men. Circulatory system diseases, tumors, respiratory diseases, external causes as injury and poisoning, and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases ranked for the top five causes of death, accounting for 93.44% of the total number of death. In the three major causes of death, chronic non-communicable diseases ranked first, accounting for 90.44% of the total number of death, the mortality rates of the chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries were higher in the male than in the female. Conclusions Chronic diseases will continue to be the focus of health work in the future on prevention and control, we should strengthen health education, improve self-protection awareness of the residents, strengthen the measures of intervention in high-risk groups, so as to reduce morbidity and mortality, and improve the quality of life of the residents.