即刻种植和延期种植修复前牙的临床效果研究

Comparison of clinical effect between immediate and delayed dental implantation for front teeth

摘要:

目的  分析即刻种植和延期种植修复前牙的临床效果,包括种植修复成功率、牙周组织健康程度以及美学效果。方法  2014年1月至2015年1月间共收治108例前牙种植体修复的患者，共需种植162颗患牙。所有患者均采用Straumnn种植系统。按照随机数表法将所有患者分为两组，研究组（54例，患牙79颗）与对照组（54例，患牙83颗）。研究组患者微创拔牙之后即刻将种植体植入拔牙窝内，同时辅以牙周组织引导再生技术完成种植植入过程；对照组患者微创拔牙完成后3个月，将植体植入拔牙窝内，同时辅以牙周组织引导再生技术予以失牙区义齿延期种植修复过程。两组患者均于种植体植入后6个月予以上部冠修复。比较两组患者的种植体成功率、牙周袋深度以及美学效果。结果  两组患者修复完成12个月后种植体成功率差异无统计学意义（P =0.368）；研究组患者在完成修复之后1、3、6个月及12个月的牙龈美学评分、牙周袋深度均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论  前牙即刻种植修复的牙周组织健康程度及美学效果优于延期种植修复，值得在临床种植体修复中推广运用。

Abstract:

Objective To compare the clinical effect of immediate implantation and delayed implantation in the restoration of anterior teeth. Methods Between January 2014 and January 2015, 108 patients of anterior teeth implantation were treated in the hospital, including a total of 162 teeth for planting. All patients were treated with Straumnn planting system. According to the principle of randomized number table, the patients were divided into study group (54 cases, 79 teeth) and control group (54 cases, 83 teeth). Dental implants were immediately implanted into the tooth fossae for the patients in the study group, and at the same time guided regeneration technique of periodontal tissue was used to complete the planting process. In the control group, dental implants were planted into the tooth fossae 3 months after tooth extraction, and at the same time guided regeneration technique of periodontal tissue was used to complete the planting process. An upper crown was done 6 months after implant placement in the two groups. Implant success rate, periodontal pocket depth and aesthetic effect were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the implant success rate 1 year after the completion of the repair between the two groups (P > 0.05). The gingival aesthetic score and periodontal pocket depth of the patients in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after completion of the repair (P < 0.05). Conclusions The degree of periodontal tissue health and aesthetic effect of immediate implant restoration of anterior teeth are significantly superior to those of delayed planting repair. Immediate implant restoration is worthy of clinical application.