外泌体在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor

摘要:

外泌体是一种由活细胞分泌的，直径为30～150 nm的具有双层膜结构的生物活性囊泡。其携带了分泌细胞包含的生物活性物质，如核酸、蛋白质和脂类等。外泌体不仅能介导细胞间的物质交换、信号转导和信息交流，而且在人体各种生理病理过程中发挥着重要作用。肿瘤来源的外泌体是调控肿瘤发生、发展、侵袭转移和免疫逃逸的重要机制。在提倡个体化诊疗的精准医疗时代，对肿瘤外泌体的研究和分析对于肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗及预后评价有着重要意义。该文就外泌体在肿瘤发生发展及个体化诊疗方面的应用进展进行综述。

Abstract:

Exosome is a kind of bioactive vesicle with bilayer membrane structure and a diameter of about 30 to 150 nm secreted by living cells. It carries the bioactive substances contained in secretory cells, such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Exosomes not only mediate material exchange, signal transduction and information exchange between cells, but also play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes of human body. Tumor-derived exosomes are critically implicated in tumor development, invasion and metastasis, and immune escape. In the era of precision medicine calling for individualized diagnosis and treatment, the research and analysis of tumor-derived exosomes is of great significance for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of tumors. This article reviews the application of exosomes in tumor development and individualized diagnosis and treatment.