钙敏感受体在高血压中的研究进展

Progress in research on calcium-sensing receptor in hypertension

摘要:

高血压是心脑血管疾病最主要的危险因素，持续升高的血压能够引起心脏、脑和肾脏等靶器官的损害，甚至导致心肌梗死、心力衰竭、脑出血、脑梗死和肾衰竭等并发症，严重危害人类健康。钙敏感受体（CaSR）属于G蛋白耦联受体家族成员，在细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等过程中发挥重要作用。CaSR与心血管疾病密切相关，如心肌梗死、心肌病等。CaSR可通过调节甲状旁腺激素、肾脏重吸收、血管平滑肌功能与结构及嗅觉感觉神经影响血压，进一步引发心肌细胞肥大和凋亡，心脏成纤维细胞增殖、表型转化和基质金属蛋白酶分泌，最终导致心室重构和血管重构。因此，该文就CaSR对高血压及其靶器官损害的研究进展进行综述，从而为CaSR对高血压及其并发症的作用及机制的研究提供理论基础。

Abstract:

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Persistently elevated blood pressure can cause damage to target organs such as heart, brain and kidney, and even lead to myocardial infarction, heart failure, intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction and renal failure and other complications, which are severely detrimental to human health. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, plays an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. CaSR has been found to be closely related to cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy. CaSR may affect blood pressure by regulating parathyroid hormone, renal reabsorption, structure and function of vascular smooth muscle, and olfactory sensory nerves, further triggering myocardial hypertrophy and apoptosis, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, cellular phenotypic transformation and matrix metalloproteinase secretion, ultimately leading to ventricular remodeling and vascular remodeling. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of CaSR in hypertension and target organ damage, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study on the role and mechanism of CaSR in hypertension and its complications.