外泌体在骨关节炎发病及治疗中的作用和机制研究

Advances on the pathogenic and therapeutic roles of exosomes in osteoarthritis

摘要:

外泌体是源于细胞内部消化过程中的细胞膜的一种分泌小泡，在细胞间的交流中起到重要作用。外泌体来源多样，不同来源的外泌体作用也不尽相同。随着近年来对外泌体的深入研究，越来越多的资料显示外泌体在骨关节炎等关节疾病的发病与治疗中发挥重要作用，骨关节炎患者来源细胞中的外泌体内含有多种生物活性分子，可促进炎症因子的产生，进而导致软骨退化，加重关节破坏。来自间充质干细胞的外泌体还参与了修复关节和延缓关节疾病的进程，为骨关节疾病提供了新的治疗思路。该文主要对近年来关于外泌体在骨关节炎疾病发展进程中的作用和机制的文献进行综述，对未来外泌体在骨关节炎的诊断与治疗中的应用进行展望。

关键词:骨关节炎;外泌体;miRNA;炎症因子;细胞外基质

Abstract:

Exosome is a kind of secretory vesicle originated from the cell membrane during the process of intracelIular digestion, which plays an important role in the communication between cells. Exosomes stem from various sources and the functions of different exosomes are also diverse. With the in-depth studies of exosomes in recent years, increasing evidence shows that exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. There are a variety of bioactive molecules in the exosomes derived from cells in osteoarthritis patients, which can promote the production of inflammatory factors, and thus lead to cartilage degeneration and joint damage. The exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells also participate in the process of repairing joints and delaying the progression of the disease, which provides a novel insight into the treatment for osteoarticular diseases. This review mainly summarizes the researches on the role and mechanism of exosomes in the development of osteoarthritis in recent years, and discusses the potential application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis in the future.

Key words:osteoarthritis;exosome;miRNA;inflammatory cytokines;extracellular matrix