蛇麻草精油香薰法对氯苯丙氨酸诱导失眠大鼠的助眠作用研究

Effects of Hops essential oil aromatherapy on insomnia rats induced by PCPA

摘要:

目的 探究蛇麻草精油香薰法对氯苯丙氨酸（PCPA）诱导失眠大鼠的行为学、部分神经递质含量及松果体的影响。方法 腹腔注射PCPA复制失眠大鼠模型，随机分为模型组、薰衣草精油组（0.2%）、蛇麻草精油低浓度组（0.05%）、蛇麻草精油中浓度组（0.10%）及蛇麻草精油高浓度组（0.20%），每组12只，另设空白组12只。模型复制后，各治疗组分别以相应浓度精油香薰治疗，空白组和模型组熏蒸馏水。每天8 h，连续5 d。观察并记录各组大鼠一般状况；戊巴比妥钠协同睡眠实验观察大鼠睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续期；旷场实验检测大鼠自发活动；酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测各组大鼠血清褪黑素（MT）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、谷氨酸（Glu）含量；高效液相色谱仪测定各组大鼠下丘脑中去甲肾上腺素（NE）、多巴胺（DA）、五羟色胺（5-HT）含量；HE染色观察大鼠松果体病理学改变。结果 与空白组比较，模型组睡眠潜伏期延长、睡眠持续期缩短（P <0.05）；水平运动和垂直运动均减少（P <0.05）。与模型组比较，蛇麻草精油高浓度组睡眠潜伏期缩短、睡眠持续期延长（P <0.05）；水平运动和垂直运动增加（P <0.05）；血清MT、GABA含量上升，Glu含量下降，Glu/GABA下降（P <0.05）；下丘脑中5-HT含量上升，NE和DA含量下降（P <0.05）。松果体细胞和神经胶质细胞形态结构正常、排列均匀、数目明显恢复。结论 蛇麻草精油香薰法对失眠大鼠具有一定助眠作用，可能与改善松果体结构，促进MT、抑制性递质GABA及5-HT的分泌，以及抑制兴奋性递质Glu、NE、DA的分泌有关。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of the aromatherapy method of hops essential oil on the behavior, content of some neurotransmitters and pineal glands on rats with insomnia caused by chlorophenylalanine (PCPA).Methods Insomnia rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA, and randomly divided into model group, lavender essential oil (0.2%) group, hops essential oil low concentration (0.05%) group, hops essential oil medium concentration (0.1%) group, and hops essential oil high concentration (0.2%) group, with 12 rats in each group and 12 rats in control group. After modeling, each treatment group was aromatherapy with corresponding concentration of essential oil, control group, and model group were aromatherapy with distilled water. Mice were fumigated for 8 hours per day for 5 days. The general condition of rats was observed. The sleep latency and sleep duration of rats were observed in pentobarbital sodium coordinated sleep experiment. Spontaneous activity was detected by open field experiment; The concentration of Melatonin (MT), γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), and Glutamic acid (Glu) in serum were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentration of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) in the hypothalamus of rats were determined with high performance liquid phase; The pathological changes of the pineal gland was observed by H&E staining.Results Compared with control group, model group sleep latency period extended, and sleep duration of model group were decreased (P <0.05); horizontal and vertical motion were decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, sleep latency was decreased, and sleep duration was prolonged in hops essential oil concentration group (P < 0.05). Both horizontal and vertical movement were increased (P < 0.05). The concentrations of MT and GABA in serum were increased, and Glu and Glu/GABA in serum were decreased (P < 0.05). The concentrations of 5-HT in the hypothalamus increased, and NE and DA in the hypothalamus decreased (P < 0.05) The morphology and structure of pineal cells and glial cells were normal, and the number of pineal cells and glial cells recovered obviously.Conclusion Hops essential oil aromatherapy has sleep-aid effect on insomnia rats, which may be related to improve pineal structure, promote the secretion of MT, GABA, and 5-HT, and inhibit the secretion of Glu, NE, and DA.