免疫耐受型树突状细胞对变应性鼻炎免疫调节的研究进展

Advances in immune regulation of allergic rhinitis by immune tolerogenic dendritic cells

摘要:

树突状细胞（DC）作为目前世界公认最有效的专职抗原提呈细胞，其通过识别、摄取和呈递抗原来调节初始CD4⁺Th细胞的分化，进而影响Th1/Th2平衡，在变应性鼻炎免疫调节反应中起重要作用。耐受型树突状细胞（tDC）既可以有效抑制效应T细胞来引起免疫耐受，也能诱导调节性T细胞活化来产生免疫耐受，从而减轻上呼吸道炎症反应，这使tDC能应用于变应性鼻炎的临床免疫防治中。从变应性鼻炎发病的免疫机制上来解释tDC与机体免疫细胞的相互关系，掌握tDC的基本生物学特征、形成的必要条件、与炎症细胞的相互作用关系等，将为tDC应用于变应性鼻炎的临床防治提供新的理论支持。该文将从tDC的表型和生物学特征、对Th1/Th2平衡的调节、诱导免疫耐受的机制与应用前景进行系统性分析总结，并对近年来的相关研究进行综述。

Abstract:

Dendritic cells (DC) are currently recognized as the most effective professional antigen-presenting cells in the world. They regulate the differentiation of initial CD4⁺Th cells through recognition, uptake and presentation of antigenic antigen, affect the Th1/Th2 balance, and play an important role in the immune regulatory response of allergic rhinitis. Studies have shown that tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) can not only effectively inhibit effector T cells to cause immune tolerance, but also induce the activation of regulatory T cells to produce immune tolerance, so as to reduce the inflammatory response of the upper respiratory tract, which makes tDC as a possible choice in the clinical immune prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis. It will provide new theoretical support for the application of tDC in the clinical prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis that to explain the relationship between tDC and immune cells, master the basic biological characteristics of tDC, the necessary conditions for its formation, and the interaction with inflammatory cells. This paper will systematically analyze and summarize the phenotypic and biological characteristics of tDC, the mechanism and application prospect of regulating Th1/Th2 balance and inducing immune tolerance, and review the relevant experimental research in recent years.