变应性鼻炎的鼻痒发病机制初探

Preliminary research on the pathogenesis of rhinocnesmus in allergic rhinitis

摘要:

鼻痒作为变应性鼻炎（AR）的主要症状之一严重困扰患者的生活，但目前仍没有完全根治鼻痒的治疗方法，因此，明确AR鼻痒发病机制尤为重要。近年来，AR的神经免疫机制引起许多学者的关注，其中瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体1型（TRPV1）是神经免疫机制的核心要素，在AR鼻痒的发病机制中发挥着重要的桥梁作用。该文综合近年来瘙痒生理病理学机制的研究进展，同时聚焦AR鼻痒的神经传导通路，并从与AR鼻痒有关的免疫细胞（肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞）、介质及信号受体、痒感传入神经（三叉神经），以及基于TRPV1离子通道剖析AR鼻痒的神经-免疫联动调控网络机制等进行综述，期望为AR鼻痒的临床治疗提供系统的理论依据。

Abstract:

As one of the main symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR), rhinocnesmus extremely disturbs patients' lives. However, there is still no completely radical treatment for AR nasal itch. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the pathogenesis of rhinocnesmus. In recent years, the neuroimmune mechanism of AR has attracted the attention of many scholars, among which the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is the core element, which plays an important role as a bridge in the pathogenesis of AR nasal itch. This paper combines the research progress of physiological and pathological mechanisms of pruritus in recent years, and focuses on the nerve conduction pathway of rhinocnesmus. A comprehensive discussion is carried out from the aspects of immune cells (mast cells and basophil), mediators and signal receptors, itching afferent nerves (trigeminal nerve) related to rhinocnesmus, and the mechanism of neural - immune linkage regulatory network based on TRPV1 ion channels, so as to provide a systematic theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of rhinocnesmus.