前列腺癌免疫检查点阻断治疗的研究进展

Research progress of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for prostate cancer

摘要:

前列腺癌是男性泌尿生殖系统最常见的癌症之一，严重威胁男性的生命健康。理想的免疫检查点阻断疗法具有对肿瘤细胞的高选择性和杀伤性及对自身组织的无害性，因此成为近年来肿瘤免疫治疗领域的热门研究项目。免疫检查点阻断疗法是通过针对性地应用免疫检查点抑制剂阻断抑制免疫系统发挥抗肿瘤免疫活性的关键分子，从而达到治疗目的。尽管免疫检查点抑制剂在其他实体肿瘤的治疗过程中显示出较好的疗效，但就目前所掌握的实验数据表明，前列腺癌总体上对免疫检查点抑制剂没有太高的敏感性。通过采用多种免疫检查点抑制剂联合治疗、结合其他治疗手段、识别敏感度高的患者、继续寻找新的免疫检查点等方式将有助于更好地发挥免疫检查点抑制剂在前列腺癌中的效力。笔者就免疫检查点阻断疗法在前列腺癌中的研究进展作一综述。

Abstract:

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, and it represents a serious threat to men's health and lives. It has become a hot subject in recent years in the field of tumor immunotherapy since the blockage of the immune checkpoint is highly selective and lethal for tumor cells. By using immune checkpoint blockers, the immune system is prevented from exercising its anti-tumour immunity by blocking molecules which inhibit this activity. There is evidence that immune checkpoint inhibitors can be highly sensitive in treating other solid tumors, but in general they are not well tolerated by prostate cancer. A combining therapy with multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors, screening of highly sensitive patients, and a constant search for new immune checkpoint inhibitors will maximize the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer. The author reviews advances in immunological blockage therapy in prostate cancer.