大连市近年学龄前视力低常儿童屈光状态分布和弱视发生状况及其影响因素分析

The distribution of refractive status and the prevalence of amblyopia among preschool children with low vision in Dalian in recent years and their influencing factors

摘要:

目的 探讨大连市近年学龄前视力低常儿童屈光状态分布和弱视发生状况及其影响因素。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年12月在大连市妇女儿童医疗中心就诊的学龄前视力低常儿童460例（920只眼），分析屈光状态分布、弱视发生状况，同时分析弱视发生的影响因素。结果 460例儿童中弱视儿童267例（弱视眼434只，矫正视力正常眼100只），矫正视力正常儿童193例（矫正视力正常眼386只）。矫正视力正常眼中近视和远视的占比高于弱视眼（P <0.05）；弱视眼中散光的占比高于矫正视力正常眼（P <0.05）。矫正视力正常眼和弱视眼的散光类型比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05），散光类型以复性远视为主，分别占65.85%和60.81%。弱视和矫正视力正常患儿年龄、出生时窒息、每天睡眠时间、每天户外活动时间、挑食、每天玩手机、电脑等电子产品时间及读写姿势比较，差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示，每天睡眠时间、出生时窒息是发生弱视的影响因素（P <0.05）。结论 学龄前视力低常儿童屈光状态分布以散光为主，同时弱视发生比例较高，弱视发生受每天睡眠时间、出生时窒息的影响。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the distribution of refractive status and the occurrence of amblyopia in preschool children with low vision in recent years in Dalian City, as well as the influencing factors.Methods A total of 460 preschool children with low vision (920 eyes) who sought medical care at Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Center from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected. The distribution of refractive status and the occurrence of amblyopia were analyzed. Factors influencing the occurrence of amblyopia were also analyzed.Results Among the 460 children, 267 had amblyopia (434 amblyopic eyes, 100 eyes with normal corrected visual acuity), and 193 children had normal corrected visual acuity (386 eyes). The proportion of myopia and hyperopia in eyes with normal corrected visual acuity was higher than that in amblyopic eyes (P < 0.05). The proportion of astigmatism in amblyopic eyes was higher than that in eyes with normal corrected visual acuity (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the type of astigmatism between eyes with amblyopia and eyes with normal corrected visual acuity (P > 0.05). The dominant types of astigmatism in both groups were compound hyperopic astigmatism, accounting for 65.85% and 60.81%, respectively. There were significant differences in age, birth asphyxia, daily sleep time, daily outdoor activity time, picky eating, daily screen time (phone, computer, etc.), and reading and writing posture between children with amblyopia and those with normal corrected visual acuity (P < 0.05). The results of the multiple-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that daily sleep time and birth asphyxia were influencing factors for the occurrence of amblyopia (P < 0.05).Conclusion The distribution of refractive status in preschool children with low vision is mainly astigmatism, and the proportion of amblyopia is relatively high. The occurrence of amblyopia is influenced by factors such as daily sleep time and birth asphyxia.