PI3K/Akt信号通路调控急性髓系白血病机制及中医药治疗研究进展

Research progress on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulation in acute myeloid leukemia and traditional Chinese medicine treatment

摘要:

急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种极具侵袭力的血液恶性肿瘤，其特征表现为未成熟的髓系白血病细胞快速增殖。随着基因测序、蛋白组学等现代科学技术的快速发展，AML的发病及预后分子机制的研究逐渐深入，但仍未打破目前AML治疗复发率高、免疫逃逸、微小残留、放化疗副反应大、患者家庭经济及心理负担重的局面。磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/Akt）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点是致癌通路中最为经典的一条，不少研究通过该条通路研发出药物以应对AML。近些年，中医药因其具有多层次、多靶点、低不良反应等优势，在肿瘤治疗领域大展身手，发挥重要作用，受到医学界广泛关注与认可。因此，该综述概述了PI3K/Akt信号通路与AML的关系，归纳并发现中药单体和中药复方能介导PI3K/Akt信号通路，抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及血管新生，进而影响AML的病理发展。

Abstract:

AAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by rapid proliferation of immature myeloid leukemia cells. With the rapid development of modern methods such as gene sequencing and proteomics, the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis and prognosis of AML has gradually deepened, but it has not broken the current situation of high recurrence rate, immune escape, minimal residue, large side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and heavy financial and psychological burden on patients' families. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the most classic oncogenic pathway, and many studies have developed many drugs to deal with AML through this pathway. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely concerned and recognized because of its multi-level, multi-target, and low adverse reaction advantages, and has played an important role in the field of cancer treatment. Therefore, this study reviewed the relationship between PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and AML, and found that TCM monomers and TCM compounds can mediate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, and then affect the pathological development of AML.