线粒体DNA激活的先天免疫在动脉粥样硬化中的研究进展

Research progress of innate immunity activated by mitochondrial DNA in atherosclerosis

摘要:

线粒体是细胞能量制造和生物合成的控制中心。近年来，越来越多的研究强调了线粒体作为免疫调节因子的作用。功能失调的线粒体可释放线粒体DNA（mtDNA）或其他线粒体成分到细胞质或细胞外，激活机体的免疫炎症。动脉粥样硬化（AS）是一种发生在大动脉或中动脉的多因素慢性炎症疾病，可引起多种心脑血管并发症，严重危害人类的生命健康。最新研究发现，AS血管中mtDNA释放增加并伴随免疫炎症的激活。该文对mtDNA在AS血管炎症中的作用机制进行全面总结，深入讨论AS中功能失调的线粒体释放的mtDNA通过哪些模式识别受体PRRs诱导血管的免疫炎症，以期为AS的防治提供新的策略和靶点。

Abstract:

Mitochondria are the control centers of the cell's energy production and biosynthesis. Recently, more and more studies have emphasized the role of mitochondria as immune regulatory factors. Dysfunctional mitochondria release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and other mitochondrial components into the cytoplasm or beyond the cell, where they then activate the immune inflammatory response. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multi-factor chronic disease occurring in the great artery or middle artery, which can cause a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications and seriously endanger human life and health. Recent studies have found that there is the release of mtDNA and its activation of immune inflammation in the blood vessel wall of AS. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanism of action of mtDNA in vascular inflammation of AS, and further discusses which pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize mtDNA released by dysfunctional mitochondria to promote immune inflammation of blood vessels in AS. These provide new strategies and targets for the prevention and treatment of AS.