肢端黑色素瘤的认知和早期检测

Awareness and early detection of acral melanomaEi Thae Mon Win, Su Juan, Lu Li-xia

摘要:

肢端黑色素瘤（AM）是黑色素瘤的一种亚型，病变分布于手掌、足底和甲床区域。不同人群AM的患病率存在差异，该亚型在白种人群中罕见，而在西班牙、非洲及亚洲人群中较为常见。研究表明，AM约占所有黑色素瘤患者的2%～3%。由于早期AM的临床诊断具有挑战性，且对早期AM缺乏认知这就导致AM患者在诊断时往往处于较晚期。因此，了解早期AM诊断的最新进展至关重要。AM与其他亚型皮肤黑色素瘤相比预后较差，对该疾病的早期认识也有助于制订治疗策略。该综述总结了AM的流行病学的特点、临床、皮肤镜和组织病理学特征，以期优化早期AM的检测策略提高患者的预后。

Abstract:

Acral melanoma (AM) is a subtype of melanoma that primarily affects the palms, soles, and nail apparatus. Studies have revealed that AM accounts for approximately 2-3% of all melanoma cases but it exhibits variations in prevalence among different populations. It is rare in Caucasians and more frequently diagnosed in Hispanic, African and Asian individuals. Because of the challenging nature of disease diagnosis and lack of awareness in early stages, AM patients are often diagnosed at a later stage. Thus, understanding of the updates for early diagnosis of AM is of utmost importance. Compared to other subtypes of cutaneous melanoma, AM has a poorer prognosis, and therefore, early recognition of this disease can also contribute to the development of treatment strategies. This comprehensive review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of AM, and optimizes strategies for early detection of AM to improve patient's outcome.