机器人导航技术在股骨颈骨折微创内固定治疗中的应用效果分析

Application analysis of robotic navigation technology in minimally invasive internal fixation treatment of femoral neck fractures

摘要:

目的 探究机器人导航技术在股骨颈骨折微创内固定治疗中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年4月—2023年4月保定市第一中心医院接收的102例股骨颈骨折患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为徒手组（51例，采用传统徒手空心钉内固定）和机器组（51例，采取机器人辅助下空心钉内固定）。比较两组患者手术指标、影像学资料、髋关节功能、股骨颈短缩分级情况以及术后并发症发生率。结果 机器组患者手术时间短于徒手组，术中出血量低于徒手组，导针钻孔次数少于徒手组，住院时间、骨折愈合时间均短于徒手组（P <0.05）；机器组患者前倾角、颈干角偏离度均低于徒手组（P <0.05）；两组患者的髋关节退变情况构成比比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；机器组患者Harris评分、髋伸屈活动度、髋内旋外旋活动度均高于徒手组（P <0.05），Fernandez-Esteve骨痂评分低于徒手组（P <0.05）。机器组患者的股骨颈短缩分级情况优于徒手组（P <0.05）。机器组的术后感染、退钉、神经损伤、骨折愈合不佳等并发症发生率低于徒手组（P <0.05）。结论 机器人导航技术在股骨颈骨折微创内固定治疗中能够提高手术精准度，缩短手术和恢复时间，改善术后股骨颈功能恢复，降低并发症风险，提高患者满意度，具有良好的应用前景。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the application effects of robotic navigation technology in the minimally invasive internal fixation treatment of femoral neck fractures.Methods From April 2020 to April 2023, 102 patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to the First Central Hospital of Baoding City were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into a manual group (n =51, using traditional manual hollow nail internal fixation) and a robot group (n =51, using robot-assisted hollow nail internal fixation) by random number table method. Surgical indicators, radiological data, hip joint function, femoral neck shortening, and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The robotic group exhibited shorter surgical times, lower intraoperative blood loss, fewer drill passes for guide pins, shorter hospital stays, and reduced fracture healing times compared to the manual group (P <0.05). Anteversion angle and neck-shaft angle deviations were also lower in the robotic group (P <0.05). No significant statistical difference was observed between the two groups regarding the progression of hip degeneration (P >0.05). The robotic group scored higher on the Harris Hip Score and demonstrated greater ranges of motion (ROM) for hip flexion-extension and internal-external rotation compared to the manual group (P <0.05). The Fernandez-Esteve callus scoring was lower in the robotic group (P <0.05). Additionally, the incidence of femoral neck shortening was less in the robotic group (P <0.05). Postoperative complications such as infections, nail back-out, nerve damage, and poor fracture healing occurred at a lower rate in the robotic group compared to the manual group (P <0.05).Conclusion Robotic navigation technology can improve the precision of surgery, shorten the surgery and recovery time, enhance postoperative femoral neck function recovery, reduce the risk of complications, and increase patient satisfaction in the minimally invasive internal fixation treatment of femoral neck fractures, showing a good application prospect.