胶原蛋白海绵联合骨髓浓缩物复合物修复兔颅骨缺损的实验研究

Experimental study on collagen sponge combined with bone marrow concentrate composite for repairing rabbit skull defects

摘要:

目的 探讨胶原蛋白海绵联合骨髓浓缩物制备的复合物修复兔颅骨缺损的效果。方法 选取12只新西兰兔复制颅骨缺损模型。于兔双侧股骨处抽取骨髓5 mL离心后获取骨髓浓缩物，将其与胶原蛋白海绵混合制备复合物，然后于兔矢状缝两侧，在保留完整硬脑膜的前提下制作4个直径 8 mm的全层颅骨缺损孔。实验兔分为4组：空白对照组不植入材料，骨髓浓缩物组植入骨髓浓缩物，胶原组植入胶原蛋白海绵，复合物组植入骨髓浓缩物与胶原蛋白海绵复合物。分别在术后4、8和12周各处死4只新西兰兔，取颅骨缺损标本。行micro-CT扫描、苏木精-伊红（HE）染色及Masson染色观察各个时期各组骨缺损区的成骨情况。结果 术后4、8和12周时，micro-CT扫描显示复合组骨缺损区新骨形成面积更大。术后4、8和12周4组骨缺损部位新生骨的骨矿物质密度（BMD）和新生骨体积（BV）/骨总体积（TV）值比较，结果 ①不同时间点骨缺损部位新生骨的BMD值和BV/TV值比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；②4组的骨缺损部位新生骨BMD值和BV/TV值比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；③4组BMD值变化趋势比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；4组BV/TV值变化趋势比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。HE染色及Masson染色结果显示，复合物组骨缺损区新生骨形成更早，且新骨成熟程度较其他组高。结论 胶原蛋白海绵与骨髓浓缩物制备的复合物能有效加快兔颅骨缺损修复，有明显的促进骨组织生长能力。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the efficacy of a composite material prepared from collagen sponge combined with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) in repairing rabbit skull defects.Methods Cranial defect models were established in 12 New Zealand rabbits. Bone marrow (5 mL) was aspirated from the bilateral femurs of the rabbits and centrifuged to obtain BMC, which was then mixed with collagen sponge to form a composite. Four full-thickness skull defects (8 mm in diameter) were created on both sides of the sagittal suture while preserving the intact dura mater. The rabbits were divided into four groups: blank control group (no implant), BMC group (BMC only), collagen group (collagen sponge only), and composite group (BMC-collagen composite). Four rabbits were euthanized at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively, for skull defect specimen collection. Micro-CT scanning, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Masson staining were performed to evaluate osteogenesis.Results Micro-CT scans at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively demonstrated greater new bone formation in the composite group. Comparisons of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratios among the four groups revealed: (1) Significant differences in BMD and BV/TV values across time points (P < 0.05); (2) Significant intergroup differences in BMD and BV/TV values (P < 0.05); (3) Significant differences in BMD trends among groups (P < 0.05), while no significant differences in BV/TV trends (P > 0.05). HE and Masson staining showed earlier and more mature new bone formation in the composite group compared to other groups.Conclusion The BMC-collagen composite significantly accelerates skull defect repair in rabbits and enhances bone regeneration, demonstrating potent osteogenic potential.