高原低压低氧环境下肝脏糖代谢和脂代谢改变的研究进展

Research advances on alterations of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism under hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes

摘要:

高原低压低氧环境对人类健康构成严峻挑战，为适应这一极端环境，人体全身及各器官会启动独特的代谢变化。在低氧暴露下骨骼肌等器官的代谢会发生重塑，以有效应对环境压力。然而，在肝脏中，高原低压低氧会引发肝脂肪变性，并造成肝细胞损伤。尽管如此，关于肝脏糖脂代谢与高原低氧暴露关系的研究却相对较少，相关机制尚不清楚，需进一步深入探讨。鉴于此，该文综述高原低压低氧环境下肝脏糖脂代谢的适应性变化及其可能的发生机制，旨在为今后通过调控低压低氧条件下肝脏糖脂代谢、维持机体代谢稳态提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes poses a significant challenge to human health. To adapt to such an extreme environment, the human body and its organs initiate distinct metabolic changes. Under hypoxic exposure, the metabolism of skeletal muscle and other organs undergoes remodeling to effectively cope with environmental stress. Nevertheless, in the liver, hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes can induce hepatic steatosis and cause hepatocellular injury. Despite these observations, research on the effects of high-altitude hypoxic exposure on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains scarce. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and require further in-depth exploration. Accordingly, this review focuses on the adaptive changes and potential mechanisms of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism under hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes, aiming to offer a theoretical foundation for future efforts to modulate hepatic metabolism and maintain metabolic homeostasis under such conditions.