2024年深圳市南山区医务工作者职业倦怠现状及影响因素研究

Occupational burnout among healthcare workers in Nanshan District, Shenzhen: Current status and influencing factors in 2024

摘要:

目的 探究2024年深圳市南山区医务工作者的职业倦怠现状及主要的影响因素。方法 采用分层抽样和方便抽样法选取2024年1月—2024年6月深圳市南山区的华中科技大学协和深圳医院、深圳市前海蛇口自贸区医院、南山区妇幼保健院、深圳禾正医院、桃花园社区卫生服务中心、南油社区卫生服务中心的医务工作者进行匿名调查。调查内容包括使用自编问卷、一般健康问卷和Maslach职业倦怠量表进行调查。结果 所有研究对象的职业倦怠综合得分为（1.92±1.09）分，情绪衰竭维度得分为（1.54±1.53）分，去个性化维度得分为（1.19±1.45）分，个人成就感降低维度得分为（3.15±2.03）分，职业倦怠阴性者435例（74.36%），阳性者150例（25.64%）。其他婚姻状态、硕士及以上、没有子女、在民营医院工作、合同制员工、年收入21～30万、周工作时长> 56 h、每周加班> 3次、使用催眠药物、有情绪困扰的医务工作者中职业倦怠阳性者占比更多（P <0.05）。不同性别、年龄、职业类型、工龄、职称、夜班频率间职业倦怠阳性率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。多因素一般Logistic回归分析，结果显示：已婚［O^R=0.509（95% CI：0.323，0.802）］、在社区卫生服务中心工作［O^R=0.434（95% CI：0.268，0.704）］为医务工作者职业倦怠阳性的保护因素（P <0.05）；加班频率> 3次/周［O^R=4.588（95% CI：2.305，9.135）］）、使用药物催眠［O^R=1.716（95% CI：1.058，2.785）］、有情绪困扰［O^R=1.842，（95% CI：1.205，2.814）］为医务工作者职业倦怠阳性的危险因素（P <0.05）。结论 婚姻、医疗机构类型、加班频率、是否使用药物催眠、是否有情绪困扰是深圳市南山区医务工作者职业倦怠的影响因素，建议医疗机构管理者制定科学排班制度、限制加班频率，同时加强与医务工作者的沟通，及时发现和解决问题，以改善其情绪，减轻其心理负担，进而降低职业倦怠水平。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status and main influencing factors of occupational burnout in 2024 among healthcare workers in Nanshan District, Shenzhen.Methods From January to June 2024, an anonymous survey was conducted using stratified and convenience sampling methods on healthcare workers from Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen Hezheng Hospital, Taohuayuan Community Health Service Center and Nanyou Community Health Service Center in Nanshan District. Data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Results The overall occupational burnout score among all participants was 1.92 ± 1.09. The mean scores for the subscales were as follows: emotional exhaustion, 1.54 ± 1.53; depersonalization, 1.19 ± 1.45; and reduced personal accomplishment, 3.15 ± 2.03. Among the participants, 435 (74.36%) were classified as negative for occupational burnout, while 150 (25.64%) were classified as positive. A higher proportion of occupational burnout was observed among healthcare workers who were in other marital statuses, held a master's degree or above, had no children, worked in private hospitals, were contract employees, had an annual income of 200,000-300,000 RMB, worked more than 56 hours per week, worked overtime more than three times per week, used hypnotic medications, or experienced emotional distress (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the rates of occupational burnout were found across different sex, age groups, occupation types, years of service, professional titles, or night shift frequency (P > 0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed that being married [O^R = 0.509 (95% CI: 0.323, 0.802) ] and working in community health service centers [O^R = 0.434 (95% CI: 0.268, 0.704) ] were protective factors against occupational burnout (P < 0.05). In contrast, having an overtime frequency of > 3 times/week [O^R = 4.588 (95% CI: 2.305, 9.135) ], use of hypnotic medications [O^R = 1.716 (95% CI: 1.058, 2.785) ], and presence of emotional distress [O^R = 1.842 (95% CI: 1.205, 2.814) ] were significant risk factors for occupational burnout (P < 0.05).Conclusion Marital status, type of medical institution, frequency of overtime work, use of hypnotic drugs, and presence of emotional distress are influencing factors of occupational burnout among healthcare workers in Nanshan District, Shenzhen. It is recommended that healthcare administrators implement scientifically designed shift scheduling systems, limit the frequency of overtime work, and enhance communication with healthcare workers to promptly identify and address emerging issues. These measures may help improve emotional well-being, reduce psychological burdens, and ultimately mitigate occupational burnout.