JAK/STAT信号通路在变应性鼻炎中的免疫调控机制及靶向治疗研究进展

Research advances on the immunoregulatory mechanisms and targeted therapy of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in allergic rhinitis

摘要:

变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种以免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导的鼻黏膜炎症为特征的慢性气道疾病，其发病机制复杂，现有治疗手段仍难以完全控制症状及疾病进展。Janus激酶（JAK）/信号转导和转录激活因子（STAT）通路作为细胞内广泛表达的核心信号传导途径，多维度、多靶点参与AR免疫平衡、上皮屏障损伤及组织重塑等免疫病理进程。近年来，靶向JAK/STAT通路抑制剂及中药成分通过调节Th1/Th2免疫失衡、减少黏液分泌及减轻局部炎症，展现出治疗AR的潜力。该文系统综述了JAK/STAT通路在AR中的多维调控网络及其靶向治疗策略，以期为探明AR发病机制、实现其免疫微环境重塑的更佳治疗策略提供理论依据，并为JAK/STAT信号通路靶向治疗策略提供新思路。

Abstract:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic airway disease characterized by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa, featuring complex pathogenesis where current therapeutic approaches remain insufficient to fully control symptoms and disease progression. The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, a core signaling cascade ubiquitously expressed in cells, demonstrates multidimensional and multitargeted involvement in immunopathological processes of AR, including immune homeostasis dysregulation, epithelial barrier impairment, and tissue remodeling. Recent advances reveal that JAK/STAT pathway-targeted inhibitors and herbal components exhibit therapeutic potential for AR by modulating Th1/Th2 immune imbalance, reducing mucus hypersecretion, and mitigating local inflammation. This review systematically summarizes the multidimensional regulatory network of the JAK/STAT pathway in AR and its targeted therapeutic strategies, aiming to provide theoretical foundations for elucidating AR pathogenesis and optimizing treatment approaches through immune microenvironment remodeling, and to propose novel insights for JAK/STAT-targeted therapeutic interventions.