鲜人参提取物对小鼠全身辐射损伤的作用研究

Effects of fresh ginseng extract against whole-body radiation injury in mice

摘要:

目的 探讨鲜人参提取物对⁶⁰Co γ射线诱导小鼠全身辐射损伤的防护作用。方法 将昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及给药组，各15只。模型组和给药组均接受6 Gy的全身辐射，给药组在辐射前7 d至辐射后14 d连续灌胃鲜人参提取物（0.39 g/kg），模型组和对照组给予等体积0.9%生理盐水灌胃。检测各组小鼠体重、脏器指数，以及外周血中的白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞（NE）、淋巴细胞（LY）、红细胞（RBC）、血小板（PLT）。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）。HE染色评估胸腺、肺、空肠、脾脏组织病理损伤。免疫荧光染色检测磷酸化组蛋白H2AX（γ-H2AX）表达。流式细胞术检测脾脏免疫细胞CD45?、CD3?比例。结果 模型组小鼠体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数及外周血细胞数均低于对照组（P < 0.05）；模型组血清TNF-α、IL-6水平均高于对照组（P < 0.05）；组织病理学观察结果显示，模型组的胸腺、肺、空肠、脾脏组织均出现明显结构损伤，γ-H2AX表达均高于对照组（P < 0.05）；模型组脾脏组织CD45?、CD3?细胞比例均低于对照组（P < 0.05）。给药组小鼠体重、脾脏指数及外周血细胞数均高于模型组（P < 0.05）；给药组血清TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于模型组（P < 0.05）；组织病理学观察结果显示，给药组的组织病理损伤减轻，γ-H2AX表达低于模型组（P < 0.05）；给药组脾脏组织CD45?、CD3?细胞比例均高于模型组（P < 0.05）。结论 鲜人参提取物通过促进造血与免疫恢复、抑制炎症反应及减少DNA损伤，系统发挥辐射防护作用，体现了其多途径调节优势。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the radioprotective effects of fresh ginseng extract against whole-body radiation injury induced by ⁶⁰Co γ-rays in mice.Methods KM mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and a treatment group, with 15 mice in each group. The model and treatment groups were subjected to 6 Gy whole-body irradiation. The treatment group received continuous gavage of fresh ginseng extract (0.39 g/kg) for 7 days before irradiation and continued for 14 days post-irradiation. The model group and the control group were given an equal volume of 0.9% saline by gavage. Changes in body weight and organ indices of mice were monitored. The counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NE), lymphocytes (LY), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets (PLT) in peripheral blood were measured. Serum levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) were detected using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Histopathological damage in the thymus, lung, jejunum, and spleen was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) foci were detected by immunofluorescence staining, and the proportions of CD45? and CD3? immune cells in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly lower body weight, spleen index, thymus index, and peripheral blood cell counts (P < 0.05), while serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Severe structural damage was observed in the thymus, lung, jejunum, and spleen tissues, and the expression of γ-H2AX was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The proportions of CD45? and CD3? cells in the spleen were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the treatment group showed higher body weight, organ indices, and peripheral blood cell counts compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05). Histopathological damage was alleviated, and γ-H2AX expression was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Moreover, the proportions of CD45? and CD3? cells in the spleen were higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Fresh ginseng extract exerts systemic radioprotective effects by promoting hematopoietic and immune recovery, suppressing inflammatory responses, and mitigating DNA damage, demonstrating its multi-pathway regulatory advantages.