人工智能在肝脏切除术麻醉中的应用进展

Advances in the application of artificial intelligence in anesthesia for hepatic resection

摘要:

肝脏切除术是治疗肝脏肿瘤等疾病的重要外科手段，其麻醉管理涉及术中血流动力学调控、凝血功能维护及术后快速康复等多重挑战。近年来，人工智能（AI）技术在医疗领域的快速发展为肝脏切除术麻醉管理提供了新的解决方案，但仍面临核心挑战：①肝功能异常患者的麻醉药物代谢差异；②术中血流动力学波动的高风险；③精准麻醉与手术协同的需求。该文综述了肝脏切除术麻醉的临床概况，包括术前评估、术中管理及术后并发症防治的关键环节，重点探讨了AI在肝脏切除术麻醉中的应用进展，同时也横向比较现有研究报道，分析目前AI在肝脏切除术麻醉中存在的问题与挑战，指出后续有价值的研究方向。

Abstract:

Hepatectomy represents a critical intervention for liver tumours and other hepatic pathologies. Anaesthetic management during this procedure presents considerable challenges, including the maintenance of intraoperative haemodynamic stability, preservation of coagulation function, and promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have introduced innovative approaches to support anaesthetic management in hepatectomy. Nonetheless, several core issues persist: (1) altered pharmacokinetics of anaesthetic drugs in patients with impaired liver function; (2) significant risk of haemodynamic instability during surgery; and (3) the necessity for tight coordination between anaesthetic and surgical teams. This review summarises the clinical framework of anaesthetic care for hepatectomy, from preoperative assessment and intraoperative management to complication prevention. It highlights recent progress in AI-enabled applications within this context, offers a comparative evaluation of existing evidence, discusses current limitations, and suggests directions for future research.