重组腺病毒载体在宫颈癌治疗中的研究进展

Advances in the application of recombinant adenovirus vectors for cervical cancer gene therapy

摘要:

宫颈癌作为最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，严重威胁女性健康。随着宫颈癌筛查的普及和治疗方式的不断创新，该病的发病率、病死率呈下降趋势。然而，对于伴有淋巴结转移或远处转移的晚期患者，其5年生存率仍显著降低，临床预后不容乐观。因此，开发新型、高效且安全的抗宫颈癌治疗策略具有重要临床意义。腺病毒以其清晰的生物学特性、强大的免疫原性、遗传稳定性、高效的基因转导能力，以及能够感染多种细胞等特点，已成为肿瘤基因治疗领域极具潜力的载体平台。该文就腺病毒的生物学特性及重组腺病毒载体在抗宫颈癌治疗中的研究进展进行综述，系统总结其抗肿瘤作用机制，分析当前临床应用面临的主要挑战，并展望其未来发展方向，以期为研发更安全、有效的宫颈癌基因治疗方案提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Cervical cancer remains one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies and poses a significant threat to women's health. Although widespread screening and continuous advances in treatment have led to a marked decline in both incidence and mortality, the five-year survival rate drops significantly in cases with lymph node or distant metastasis. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cervical cancer is of critical importance. Adenoviruses have attracted considerable attention in cancer therapy due to their well-defined biological characteristics, strong immunogenicity, genetic stability, high efficiency of gene transfer, and broad cellular tropism. This review summarizes recent progress in adenovirus biology and the application of recombinant adenoviruses and their vectors in the treatment of cervical cancer, systematically summarize the antitumor mechanisms, discuss current challenges in clinical translation, and outline future directions, thereby offering a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective therapies.