气动拔牙挺辅助微创拔牙对患者术中、术后反应及并发症的影响

Effects of pneumatic dental elevator-assisted minimally invasive tooth extraction on patients' intraoperative and postoperative responses and complications

摘要:

目的 探讨气动拔牙挺辅助微创拔牙在减轻患者术中恐惧心理、缩短拔牙时间、降低肿胀反应及减少并发症发生方面的临床效果。方法 选取2021年1月—2023年11月亳州市中医院收治的84例需拔除患牙的患者为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组，每组42例。对照组使用常规手动牙挺拔牙，观察组使用气动拔牙挺拔牙。比较两组患者的手术指标、心理状况、疼痛程度、张口受限程度、肿胀程度，以及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组拔牙时间和术中出血量均低于对照组（P <0.05）。观察组患者心理恐惧状态评分和心理中度畏惧率均低于对照组（P <0.05），两组心理重度畏惧率比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。观察组术后7 d视觉模拟评分法评分低于对照组（P <0.05）。观察组患者张口受限程度与肿胀程度均低于对照组（P <0.05）。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 应用气动拔牙挺辅助微创拔牙，能有效减轻患者恐惧心理，降低术后疼痛、肿胀程度及并发症发生率，安全性良好，有助于促进创伤愈合和术后舒适度提升，具有推广价值。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pneumatic dental elevator-assisted minimally invasive tooth extraction in alleviating patients' intraoperative fear, shortening extraction time, reducing swelling response, and decreasing the incidence of complications.Methods A total of 84 patients requiring tooth extraction admitted to Bozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to November 2023 were selected as study subjects. Using a random number table method, they were divided into a control group (n = 42) and an observation group (n = 42). The control group underwent tooth extraction using conventional manual dental elevators, while the observation group underwent tooth extraction using pneumatic dental elevators. The surgical parameters, psychological status, pain intensity, degree of mouth opening limitation, degree of swelling, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The extraction time and intraoperative blood loss in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The psychological fear state score and the rate of moderate fear in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of severe fear between the two groups (P > 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 7 days postoperatively in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The degree of mouth opening limitation and the degree of swelling in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion The application of pneumatic dental elevator-assisted minimally invasive tooth extraction can effectively alleviate patients' fear, reduce postoperative pain and swelling, decrease the incidence of complications, with good safety. It contributes to the promotion of wound healing and improvement of postoperative comfort, demonstrating value for wider application.