首发精神分裂症患者血清神经轴突导向因子-1、α-突触核蛋白水平与认知功能的关系

Associations between serum levels of netrin-1 and α-synuclein and cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia

摘要:

目的 探讨首发精神分裂症（SCZ）患者血清神经轴突导向因子-1（Netrin-1）、α-突触核蛋白（α-Syn）水平与认知功能的关系。方法 选取2023年9月—2025年9月杭州市第七人民医院收治的120例首发SCZ患者作为研究组，另选取113例同期该院健康体检者作为对照组。比较对照组与研究组一般资料、血清Netrin-1水平、血清α-Syn水平及精神分裂症认知功能成套测验（MCCB）评分，采用Pearson法对研究组患者血清Netrin-1、α-Syn水平与认知功能评分进行相关性分析。结果 对照组与研究组性别构成、年龄、体质量指数、吸烟史率、饮酒史率、受教育情况构成、精神疾病家族病史率、高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率、高脂血症患病率、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平比较，差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。研究组Netrin-1水平低于对照组，α-Syn水平高于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组MCCB（信息处理速度、工作记忆、言语学习、视觉学习、推理及问题解决、注意/警觉、社会认知）评分均低于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组患者Netrin-1水平与信息处理速度、工作记忆、言语学习、视觉学习、推理及问题解决、注意/警觉、社会认知评分均呈正相关（P <0.05），α-Syn水平与上述评分均呈负相关（P <0.05）。结论 首发SCZ患者血清Netrin-1水平下降、α-Syn水平升高，且两者水平与患者认知功能受损相关。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the associations between serum levels of netrin-1 and α-synuclein (α-Syn) and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (SCZ).Methods A total of 120 patients with first-episode SCZ admitted to Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital between September 2023 and September 2025 were selected as the study group, whilst 113 individuals undergoing health check-ups at the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The demographic characteristics, serum netrin-1 and α-Syn levels, and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) scores were compared between the control and study groups. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between serum netrin-1 and α-Syn levels and cognitive function scores in the study group.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the control and study groups in terms of sex distribution, age, body mass index, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, educational background, family history of mental illness, prevalence of hypertension, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, prevalence of hyperlipidemia, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, or triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P > 0.05). Netrin-1 levels were lower in the study group than in the control group, whilst α-Syn levels were higher in the study group (P < 0.05). The scores of all domains of the MCCB, including speed of processing, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, attention/vigilance, and social cognition, were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that netrin-1 levels in the study group were positively correlated with scores of all domains of the MCCB (P < 0.05), whilst α-Syn levels were negatively correlated with all these scores (P < 0.05).Conclusion Patients with first-episode SCZ have reduced serum netrin-1 levels and elevated α-Syn levels, and both of them are associated with cognitive impairment in patients.