Abstract:Objective To investigate the rationality of antibiotic treatment for children with acute diarrhea under instruction of a joint score system of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Methods In Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, new hospitalized acute diarrhea children without typical manifestation of bacterial diarrhea who were judged to be positive ones by the joint system were involved and divided into test group (n = 150) and control group (n = 15). All patients received standard treatment while patients in test group received additional antibiotics. Response rates, incidence rates of typical bacterial diarrhea, mortality and adverse event rates were recorded. Results On day 5, therapeutic response rates were increased significantly in test group compared with control group (93.3% VS 46.6%, P < 0.05). The incidence rates of typical bacterial diarrhea between the two groups were similar (P > 0.05). No death or adverse event occurred. Conclusions The joint score system combined with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein could provide guidance for antibiotic treatment of acute diarrhea children without typical manifestation of bacterial diarrhea.