间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的机制及研究进展

Mechanisms and research progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

摘要:

间充质干细胞来源外泌体（MSC-EXOs）是介导细胞间通信的关键介质，广泛参与炎症调控、免疫稳态、抗凋亡及组织修复等过程。近年研究表明，MSC-EXOs在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的病理进程中扮演多重调节角色。其可通过调节免疫细胞极化、抑制炎症因子释放、促进肺泡上皮修复、抑制气道重塑及缓解氧化应激等机制，干预COPD的疾病进展。相较于传统干细胞疗法，MSC-EXOs具有低免疫原性、高生物相容性与良好的靶向修饰潜力，作为一种新兴的无细胞治疗策略，在COPD干预中展现出巨大潜力。该文首先概述MSC-EXOs的生物学特性，进而系统阐述其在COPD中的抗炎、组织修复、免疫调节及其他潜在作用，以期为COPD的治疗策略提供新的理论依据。

Abstract:

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) are important mediators of intercellular communication and are widely involved in physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation regulation, immune balance maintenance, inhibition of cell apoptosis and tissue repair. In recent years, basic research has demonstrated that MSC-EXOs exert multiple biological effects in the occurrence and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MSC-EXOs can intervene in the pathological process of COPD to a certain extent by regulating immune cell polarization, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors, promoting alveolar epithelial repair, inhibiting airway remodeling and alleviating oxidative stress. Compared with traditional stem cell therapy, MSC-EXOs have the advantages of low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility and strong potential for targeted modification. As a new cell-free therapeutic strategy, MSC-EXOs show promising potential for COPD intervention. Based on the biological characteristics of MSC-EXOs, this review aims to systematically summarize their anti-inflammatory, tissue repair, immunomodulatory and other potential effects in COPD, and to provide a theoretical reference for their potential application in the treatment of COPD.