不同病理类型肺癌器官特异性转移模式及其机制的研究现状

Research progress on organ-specific metastatic patterns and mechanisms among different histological types of lung cancer

摘要:

随着分子分型及多组学分析技术的发展，肺癌转移研究已从传统的解剖学描述逐步转向器官特异性定植的分子调控机制探索。该文系统综述了不同病理类型肺癌在远处转移模式中的异质性特征，着重阐述腺癌与小细胞肺癌等亚型在脑、骨及肝转移中的选择性分布规律及潜在机制。通过整合驱动基因变异谱、多组学数据及肿瘤微环境特征，深入探讨肺癌转移器官偏好的分子基础，并归纳免疫调控及精准治疗策略在转移风险评估与临床决策中的应用价值，旨在为建立基于病理类型及转移特征的精准诊疗模式奠定理论基础。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of molecular subtyping and multi-omics analytical technologies, research on lung cancer metastasis has gradually shifted from traditional anatomical descriptions to exploration of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying organ-specific colonization. This review summarizes the heterogeneous characteristics of distant metastatic patterns among different histological types of lung cancer, with a focus on the selective distribution of adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancer, and other subtypes in the brain, bone, and liver, as well as their potential biological mechanisms. Evidence from driver gene mutation profiles, multi-omics analyses, and tumor microenvironment features is integrated to elucidate the molecular basis of organ tropism in lung cancer metastasis. Furthermore, the roles of immune regulation and precision therapeutic strategies in metastatic risk assessment and clinical decision-making are discussed. This review provides a theoretical foundation for establishing precision diagnostic and therapeutic models based on histological subtypes and organ-specific metastatic characteristics.