PAX6、microRNA-375-3p在子宫腺肌病中的表达及其临床意义

Expression and clinical significance of PAX6 and microRNA-375-3p in adenomyosis

摘要:

目的 探究配对盒基因6（PAX6）、microRNA-375-3p（miR-375-3p）在子宫腺肌病中的表达及临床意义。方法 选取2025年12月—2026年2月徐州医科大学附属医院（本部、东院区）妇科病房收治的40例诊断为子宫腺肌病且需手术切除子宫的患者。将手术取得的在位子宫内膜组织及异位子宫内膜组织分别作为在位组及异位组。另取同时期同病区40例排除内膜病变、诊断为子宫肌瘤且行子宫切除术的患者，获取其正常内膜组织作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测PAX6及miR-375-3p基因表达，采用Western blotting法检测PAX6蛋白表达；采用Pearson法分析PAX6 mRNA与miR-375-3p的相关性；绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估PAX6 mRNA、miR-375-3p对子宫腺肌病的术后病理辅助诊断意义。结果 qRT-PCR及Western blotting结果显示，与对照组比较，在位组和异位组的PAX6基因和蛋白均呈高表达（P <0.05），miR-375-3p基因呈低表达（P <0.05）；异位组PAX6基因和蛋白表达均高于在位组（P <0.05），miR-375-3p基因表达低于在位组（P <0.05）。异位组的PAX6与miR-375-3p表达呈负相关（r =-0.623，P =0.000）。PAX6 mRNA诊断子宫腺肌病的曲线下面积为0.958，miR-375-3p诊断子宫腺肌病的曲线下面积为0.966，二者联合诊断子宫腺肌病的曲线下面积为0.994，联合诊断价值更高。结论 PAX6、miR-375-3p在子宫腺肌病中异常表达；PAX6负向调控miR-375-3p促进子宫腺肌病的发生、发展；二者对于子宫腺肌病术后病理辅助诊断具有一定价值。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of paired box gene 6 (PAX6) and microRNA-375-3p (miR-375-3p) in adenomyosis.Methods Forty patients with adenomyosis who underwent hysterectomy at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Main Campus and East Campus) between December 2025 and February 2026 were enrolled. Eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues obtained during surgery were assigned to the eutopic and ectopic groups, respectively. Normal endometrial tissues from 40 patients with uterine fibroids who underwent hysterectomy during the same period and had no endometrial lesions served as the control group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure PAX6 and miR-375-3p gene expression, and Western blotting was used to measure PAX6 protein expression. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the association between PAX6 mRNA and miR-375-3p expression. Draw a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the significance of PAX6 mRNA and miR-375-3p in assisting postoperative pathological diagnosis of adenomyosis.Results Compared with the control group, the eutopic and ectopic groups had higher PAX6 mRNA and protein expression and lower miR-375-3p expression (P < 0.05). The ectopic group had higher PAX6 mRNA and protein expression and lower miR-375-3p expression than the eutopic group (P < 0.05). PAX6 and miR-375-3p expression was negatively correlated in the ectopic group (r = -0.623, P = 0.000). The areas under the ROC curve for PAX6 mRNA, miR-375-3p, and their combination in diagnosing adenomyosis were 0.958, 0.966, and 0.994, respectively, indicating greater diagnostic value for the combined assessment.Conclusion PAX6 and miR-375-3p are abnormally expressed in adenomyosis. PAX6 may promote the development and progression of adenomyosis by negatively regulating miR-375-3p. Both are of certain significance in assisting the postoperative pathological diagnosis of adenomyosis.