儿童及青少年上颌快速扩弓后颌面软硬组织改变的研究进展

Research progress on craniomaxillofacial hard and soft tissue changes after rapid maxillary expansion in children and adolescents

摘要:

上颌骨横向发育不足（MTD）是儿童及青少年群体中常见的错𬌗畸形，上颌快速扩弓（RME）是临床主要的早期矫治方式。本文汇总近年相关研究，总结RME术后颌面软硬组织、牙体、牙周、鼻气道及颞下颌关节的改建特征。多数研究结果显示：RME可有效打开腭中缝，增大上颌基底及后牙区宽度；术后面部软组织仅出现鼻翼小幅增宽，唇部形态与面部侧貌未发生明显不良改变；同时可扩大鼻腔容积、改善鼻通气状况。生长发育期患者接受RME矫治后总体预后良好，不良反应可控，能够实现骨性畸形矫正，同步改善面部美观、口腔功能与鼻气道通气，是临床早期矫治MTD的可靠方法。

Abstract:

Maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) is a common malocclusion in children and adolescents, and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a principal early treatment. This article summarizes recent studies on the remodeling of maxillofacial hard and soft tissues, teeth, periodontal tissues, the nasal airway, and the temporomandibular joint after RME. Most studies indicate that RME effectively opens the midpalatal suture and increases the widths of the maxillary base and posterior dental arch. After RME, facial soft-tissue changes are limited to slight widening of the alar base, with no obvious adverse changes in lip morphology or facial profile. RME also increases nasal cavity volume and improves nasal ventilation. Overall, RME in growing patients has a favorable prognosis and controllable adverse effects; it can correct skeletal deformities while improving facial aesthetics, oral function, and nasal ventilation and is a reliable early treatment for MTD.