巨噬细胞在骨免疫中的研究进展

Research progress on macrophages in osteoimmunology

摘要:

骨免疫是指骨骼系统与免疫系统之间通过细胞及细胞因子所介导的集中性相互作用。巨噬细胞作为免疫系统核心细胞，不仅参与炎症反应，还能调节骨代谢，参与防治骨相关疾病。骨稳态是骨形成和骨吸收的相对平衡状态。巨噬细胞受到刺激后可极化为M1型巨噬细胞及M2型巨噬细胞，而这些表型可通过分泌多种因子调控破骨细胞与成骨细胞的增殖、分化，进而深度参与多种骨病的防治，如炎症性骨病、骨溶解及骨质疏松等。该文将系统综述巨噬细胞在骨免疫中的作用，及其直接或间接调控骨代谢、防治相关骨病的最新研究进展。最后，笔者展望了以巨噬细胞调控为靶点的骨病防治策略，旨在为骨骼领域的研究与临床应用提供新思路。

Abstract:

Osteoimmunology concerns the coordinated interactions between the skeletal and immune systems mediated by cells and cytokines. As key immune cells, macrophages participate in inflammatory responses, regulate bone metabolism, and contribute to the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases. Bone homeostasis is the relative balance between bone formation and bone resorption. In response to stimulation, macrophages can polarize into M1 and M2 phenotypes. By secreting various factors, these phenotypes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts and thereby participate in the development and treatment of inflammatory bone diseases, osteolysis, osteoporosis, and other bone disorders. This article reviews the roles of macrophages in osteoimmunology, recent advances in their direct and indirect regulation of bone metabolism and bone-related diseases, and prospective strategies targeting macrophage regulation for the prevention and treatment of bone disorders, with the aim of informing research and clinical applications in the skeletal field.